Blood Flow

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Outline the flow of blood starting from the alveolar capillaries through the body and ending back at the lungs. Highlight or underline each of these terms in your explanation and include a description of each item in the list:

Aorta
Vena cava
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Body capillaries
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries
Alveoli and the capillaries around them
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Add these terms to the blood flow you’ve outlined above

Semilunar valves (there are 2 of these)
Atrioventricular valves (there are 2 of these)
Add this information to the blood flow you’ve outlined above

Indicate which structures are part of the pulmonary circuit and which are part of the systemic circuit.
Identify where blood is oxygenated and where it is deoxygenated. You can do this using different colors or fonts (or in any other way that makes sense to you).
Assignment – Part C

Assignment – Part C – Components of Blood
Core Goal
Identify the function and relative percentage in the blood for each term below:

Platelets
Basophil
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Red Blood Cells
Level-Up
Blood transfusions have saved countless lives, but it is essential that the blood type given to an individual is not rejected. Blood will be rejected if the recipient’s immune system marks the blood as “other” and mounts an immune response. We will learn more about the immune system in the next unit. For now, the essential component is that the immune system makes antibodies that recognize foreign molecules. If an antibody binds to something, that triggers the immune system to destroy what the antibody bound to.

Answer the questions below for each blood type (A, B, AB, and O). Note that we are not including the +/- portions to keep the list shorter.

What antigen do the blood cells have on their surface?
What antibodies are found in the blood?
Who can a person with this blood type get blood from?
Who can a person with this blood type give blood to?

 

Sample Solution

Blood Flow Through the Body

Pulmonary Circuit

  1. Pulmonary Arteries: Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle of the heart into the pulmonary arteries.
  2. Alveoli and Capillaries: The pulmonary arteries carry the blood to the alveoli in the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
  3. Pulmonary Veins: Oxygenated blood from the alveoli is carried back to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
  4. Left Atrium: Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium of the heart.

Systemic Circuit

  1. Left Ventricle: Oxygenated blood is pumped from the left atrium into the left ventricle, which then pumps it out into the body.
  2. Aorta: The blood leaves the heart through the aorta, the largest artery in the body.
  3. Body Capillaries: The aorta branches into smaller arteries, which eventually become capillaries. In the capillaries, blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissues and collects waste products.
  4. Vena Cava: Deoxygenated blood from the body’s tissues is collected by the vena cava and returned to the heart.
  5. Right Atrium: Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium of the heart, completing the systemic circuit.

Additional Structures:

  • Semilunar Valves: These valves prevent blood from flowing backward between the ventricles and the pulmonary artery or aorta.
  • Atrioventricular Valves: These valves prevent blood from flowing backward between the atria and the ventricles.

Components of Blood

Component Function Relative Percentage
Platelets Clot formation 1-4%
Basophils Allergic reactions, inflammation Less than 1%
Monocytes Phagocytosis (engulfing and destroying foreign particles) 2-8%
Eosinophils Allergic reactions, parasitic infections 1-4%
Neutrophils Phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi 50-70%
Lymphocytes Immunity, antibody production 20-40%
Red Blood Cells Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide 40-50%

Blood Types

Blood Type Antigen on Red Blood Cells Antibodies in Blood Can Receive Blood From Can Donate Blood To
A A Anti-B A, O A, AB
B B Anti-A B, O B, AB
AB A and B None A, B, AB, O AB
O None Anti-A and Anti-B O A, B, AB, O

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