choose an episode of a television crime show or a movie that depicts a crime and provide that information when writing your response.Then, choose two theories of crime and deviance. The remainder of this assignment asks you to look at the following when writing:
Pick two theories of crime and deviance from chapter 6 and use them to apply an analysis to your chosen TV crime show. Think about the ins and outs of the theories in order to show how each differently perceives the origins, causes of, impacts of and responses to crime and deviance. Use specific information (examples, scenes, characters, etc.) to provide ample evidence and remember that the cornerstone of good writing is found in providing adequate supporting details to solidify your claims and arguments. Underline your course terminology and remember that strong writing is best found in ensuring you provide your argument(s), so cite examples from both your chosen content (TV crime show/movie) and the theories you are choosing to apply it to.
I recently watched the crime movie, Wind River (2017) directed by Taylor Sheridan which follows a US Fish and Wildlife Service wildlife agent, Cory Lambert (Jeremy Renner), who discovers the frozen body of an 18-year-old Native American girl on an Indian reservation in Wyoming. As he teams up with rookie FBI agent, Jane Banner (Elizabeth Olsen), to investigate her death further, they uncover a series of secrets and lies that ultimately lead them to solve the case. In terms of theories of crime and deviance from chapter 6, I found both strain theory as well as labeling theory to be applicable when attempting to analyze this story.
Strain Theory explains criminal behavior as being caused by negative social conditions or “strains” such as poverty and inequality; thus individuals engage in criminal activities due to their inability to achieve culturally sanctioned goals due to economic hardships or social exclusion they experience while growing up – something that is evident throughout the film (Messerschmidt & Tewksbury, 2019). During his investigation, Cory comes across numerous instances where members of the tribe suffer from lack of access not only financial resources but also basic necessities like food or shelter due inadequate funding for health care services provided at local hospitals. This makes it easy for viewers understand why some characters might resort illegal activities such as drug distribution just so that they can survive – even if stealing isn’t seen as acceptable behavior otherwise within their culture.
Labeling theory meanwhile suggests that individuals become criminals when society labels them based on their actions whether those are intentional or not; once labeled a particular way – often associated with minority communities – then any subsequent negative behavior is viewed through this lens instead (Lilly & Knepper 2016). This idea is highlighted during one scene in which Jane doesn’t believe people from town would ever commit crimes since everyone knows each other there. To support her claim she says: “I think you’re looking too hard…. It’s probably someone who came through here” – implying that those who come from outside reservations can get away with things more easily than locals do given how unfamiliar outsiders appear in comparison.
In conclusion, while two different theories were explored when analyzing Wind River namely Strain Theory and Labeling Theory – both offered unique perspectives into understanding how social disparities contribute towards causing criminal behaviors amongst underprivileged populations living within our societies today.
As humans, we continuously seek out things that can produce pleasurable feelings. One of the few ways to attain this feeling of euphoria or pleasure is by consumption of chemical substances. However, continuous consumption of these substances can lead to development of dependence towards them and this is more commonly known as addiction. Currently, the cost of social and economic impacts due to drugs of abuse addiction sums up to more than $740 billion annually (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2017). Despite this, the clear neurophysiological mechanisms underlying development and progression of addiction is still unknown.
Addiction can be defined as repeated self-administration of alcohol or other drugs (AOD’s) despite knowledge of adverse medical and social consequences and attempts to abstain from AOD use (Robert & Koob, 1997). Initial intake of drug may be due influenced by genetic, psychosocial or environmental factors however, subsequent doses is most probably caused by action on drug on the brain to induce the drug-seeking behaviour. Addiction is comprised of three stages which are ‘binge/intoxication’, ‘withdrawal/negative affect’, and ‘preoccupation/anticipation’ as seen in Figure 1 (Koob &Volkow, 2010).
Figure 1. The Three stages of addiction and brain areas each stage associates with (Herman & Roberto, 2015)
‘Binge/intoxication’ refers to the consistent intake of drug after initial dose which may cause decrease in dopamine release after each intake due to sensitization. This will then lead to ‘withdrawal/negative affect’ stage where absence of drug will cause a decrease in dopamine causing anxious and restless feelings resulting in the craving or ‘preoccupation/anticipation’ stage. Two major factors known to modulate these behavioural changes are reinforcement where a stimulus increases the chance of response and neuroadaptation, the process by which neuronal structures change in response to drug exposure. Modulation of these factors motivates initial response to a drug and formation of long-term craving however, relapse is thought to be caused by permanent neuroadaptations that will cause discomfort during withdrawal (Robert & Koob, 1997)