Bell Telephone, and later AT&T, was the pioneer of the telecommunications industry in the United States. They ran the first copper cable, manufactured the first telephone devices, and provided the first telephone service. With such a long history of success, it is no wonder that AT&T is still around today. Owning all of the existing telecommunications infrastructure made it impossible for competitors to enter the market. It was not financially viable for anyone to try and establish a parallel infrastructure (that is, bare the cost to bury thousands of miles of cable.) For this reason, the US government had to step in and AT&T eventually became a regulated monopoly. The company was then divested into seperate regional telephone companies.
1. Research AT&Ts history and provide the names of the regional telephone companies that it was divided into. Are those companies still in business today? Provide some examples as to whether or not the divesting of AT&T spurred growth and innovation.
2. Microsoft was another example of a “monopoly.” Research why the DOJ had to once again step in. Give your opinion on whether this was a necessary move. (Hint: some of you may remember Netscape Navigator)
advertisements were deliberately sending to identify possible ways in which they could be fuelling discriminatory/offensive behaviours. In order to ensure that learners were not locked out from accessing the powerful knowledge, examples were used of advertisement/businesses that were relatable to the learners in the classroom (Wheelahans, 2007).
The next activity planned for the lesson was for students to watch the infamous Iceland advert which was banned from being televised regarding the politically driven palm oil claims. The basic concerns regarding the advertisement where given to the students as well as eliciting from them the obvious positives – however, students were then to construct a debate arguing whether or not the ad was appropriate or not. This provided the students to consider both sides of the argument and develop their critical thinking skills to matters beyond those which they would have personally experienced. Through the debate it was intended for students to be able to articulate their opinions and logically analyse the appropriateness of the advert and unethical marketing – with what ‘unethical’ is being a matter of contention. As they were preparing their thoughts, I was then able to support particular students in their thinking, who due to personal experiences or different contextual reasons, may have been unable to access the knowledge.
In order to gain an insight as to whether or not students have received this powerful knowledge it is important to effectively use assessment. For this lesson the powerful knowledge was assessed through students having to apply the concept of business marketing and ethical considerations of society to different adverts. From receiving feedback and listening to student responses it becomes clear whether they have grasped the concept and able to look beyond the campaigns to consider any ethical issues which they may infringe upon. For example, students were able to identify from seemingly harmless campaigns how they could be misinterpreted and have an inflammatory response from particular groups from within society e.g United Colours of Benetton ‘World leaders’ campaign, Co-Op’s ‘Easter Egg for daughters’ campaign and Pepsi’s Kendall Jenner advertising faux pas. These aren’t necessarily ethical issues encountered by students explicitly and therefore sought to take them beyond their everyday experiences. They gained a knowledge not just in general social issues but how these issues can be found in business practice. Conclusions were drawn that business’ have a role in dealing with societies woes, however understanding that these conclusions are open to challenge