The fundamental rights protected by the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution are:

• Freedom of religion
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of the press
• Freedom of assembly
• Right to petition the government
• Right to keep and bear arms
• Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
• Right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury
• Right to be informed of the charges against you
• Right to confront the witnesses against you
• Right to compel witnesses to appear in your favor
• Right to have an attorney
• Right against self-incrimination
• Protection against double jeopardy
• Right to due process of law
• Right to equal protection under the law

These rights impact criminal justice and civil liberties in a number of ways. For example, the First Amendment protects the right to free speech, which means that the government cannot censor or punish people for expressing their opinions, even if those opinions are unpopular or offensive. This right is essential for a democracy to function, as it allows people to openly discuss and debate important issues.

The First Amendment also protects the freedom of the press, which means that the government cannot censor or punish the media for reporting on the news. This right is essential for holding the government accountable and ensuring that the public has access to information.

The Fourth Amendment protects the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. This means that the police cannot search your person or property without a warrant, and they cannot seize your property without due process of law. This right protects people from being arbitrarily harassed by the police and ensures that they have privacy in their homes and belongings.

The Fifth Amendment protects the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury. This means that if you are accused of a crime, you have the right to a fair trial before a jury of your peers. You also have the right to be informed of the charges against you, to confront the witnesses against you, and to have an attorney represent you.

The Fifth Amendment also protects the right against self-incrimination. This means that you cannot be forced to testify against yourself in a criminal case. This right protects you from being compelled to confess to a crime that you did not commit.

The Sixth Amendment protects the right to due process of law. This means that the government must respect your rights when it brings legal action against you. This right includes the right to a fair trial, the right to be represented by an attorney, and the right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment.

The Fourteenth Amendment protects the right to equal protection under the law. This means that the government cannot discriminate against people on the basis of race, religion, sex, or national origin. This right is essential for ensuring that all people are treated fairly under the law.

The Bill of Rights has had a profound impact on criminal justice and civil liberties in the United States. These rights have helped to protect individuals from government overreach and have ensured that everyone has the same basic rights under the law.

Here are some specific examples of how the Bill of Rights has impacted criminal justice and civil liberties in the United States:

• The First Amendment has protected the right of people to protest against the government and to express unpopular opinions. For example, the Supreme Court has ruled that the First Amendment protects the right to burn the American flag as a form of protest.
• The Fourth Amendment has protected the right of people to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. For example, the Supreme Court has ruled that the police cannot search a person’s car without a warrant, even if they have probable cause to believe that the person is carrying drugs.
• The Fifth Amendment has protected the right of people to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury. For example, the Supreme Court has ruled that the defendant in a criminal case has the right to be tried by a jury that is made up of people from the community where the crime occurred.
• The Sixth Amendment has protected the right of people to be represented by an attorney in a criminal case. For example, the Supreme Court has ruled that the government must provide an attorney to indigent defendants in criminal cases.
• The Fourteenth Amendment has protected the right of people to equal protection under the law. For example, the Supreme Court has ruled that the government cannot segregate schools on the basis of race.

The Bill of Rights is one of the most important documents in American history. It has helped to ensure that the United States is a country where everyone has the same basic rights under the law.

In addition to the specific examples listed above, the Bill of Rights has also had a more general impact on criminal justice and civil liberties in the United States. For example, the Bill of Rights has helped to create a culture of respect for individual rights. This culture has made it more difficult for the government to violate people’s rights, even in times of national emergency.