The War of Independence is over and now the people of the colonies have to put together a new nation.
They are faced with numerous problems from the beginning:
debt from the war
what to do with the extra land they gained from the British empire
how to deal with continued British harassment on the borders of their land and on the high seas
how to most effectively balance the governments of the states with that of a central government
how to interact with Native Americans both in and outside their borders.
what should be done about the enslavement of people in the new nation
how to settle disputes between states
who had the right to revise or make judgments about the new government process and document
Sample Solution
skeptical of Soal’s experiments. He himself states that, “We have not, therefore, in these new experiments concentrated on ultra-rigorous precautions against fraud on the part of the experimenters”. His view was that “if the experimenters (academic people) are not to be trusted, there is no point whatever in their doing experiments” (203, Soal). This sentence gave skeptics exactly what they needed to be able to dismiss any results he recorded from this new set of experiments. When people began to challenge his work, he quickly defended the character of Stewart and Shackleton. He tried to redirect attention from the flaw in his testing processes and assure everyone that the people participating would never do anything to falsify any of the results. Scientific data should never rely on trusting that the experimenters are telling the truth, it should have many precautions in place to ensure the validity of the data that is recorded. While this new research started as one of the strongest sources of evidence for ESP but ended up being one of the most damaging things to happen to parapsychology. Soal was able to cheat the results of his number through the way the tests were administered. He “randomly” chose the number for each number, however the way this number was randomly chosen was not explained in his paper that he published or agreed upon by him and Goldney. When deciding the trial number Soal artificially chose the trial number to be one much more often because he could alter the “1”s to be “4”s and “5”s after the fact in order to make his results look better than they actually were. These accusations were made after an experiment agent Mrs. Albert stated that she had seen him do this several times. This eventually led to curiosity and a desire to examine the original score sheets to see if there were any signs that they had been modified by Soal. According to Soal these original score sheets were lost, but luckily enough some handmade copies still existed. In these copies there was an excess of 4s, 5s, and 1s that were all hits. This confirmed all of the skeptics’ suspicions about Soal’s work