that there must be credibility in this theory. From the very beginning of any literature on de Gaulle, he and his leadership style are described through his characteristic. The strong referencing of de Gaulle’s characteristics leads to identifiable traits and draw evaluation of de Gaulle through this lens.

The trait theory was one of the first systematic attempts to study leadership . It focused on identifying the innate qualities and characteristics posed by great social, political, and military leaders . It was believed that people were born with these traits and only “great people possessed them .

In the mid 20th century the approach was challenged and suggested that no consistent set of traits differentiated leaders from non-leaders across a variety of situations . Recent years have seen the resurgence in the trait approach; in short, the trait approach is alive and well . It began with the emphasis on identifying the qualities of a great person; next, it shifted to include the impact of a situation on leadership; and most recently, it has shift back to re-emphasise the critical role of traits in effective leadership .

Historian Thomas Carlyle also had a major influence on this theory of leadership, at one point stating that, “The history of the world is but the biography of great men.” According to Carlyle, effective leaders are those gifted with divine inspiration and the right characteristics . Research has proven that the “Great man” theory is flawed in some aspects. One aspect being that great leaders are born with traits that make a good leader and they cannot be taught or developed over time with experience. Sociologist Herbert Spencer suggested that the leaders were products of the society in which they lived. In The Study of Sociology, Spencer wrote, “you must admit that the genesis of a great man depends on the long series of complex influences which has produced the race in which he appears, and the social state into which that race has slowly grown….Before he can remake his society, his society must make him.”