Sample Solution
The cultural systems of the workplace can support or create barriers to meaningful work, often depending on the culture and its values. For example, a company’s hiring practices may be based in actively seeking out diversity and inclusion in order to create an environment that is open for all people regardless of their individual characteristics (Leonard & Grover, 2018). This type of openness helps foster a sense of belonging for those who were once excluded from certain job opportunities due to their race, gender identity, religion or sexual orientation (Waters & Ureta-Vidal, 2018). However, it can also lead to an unequal distribution of resources if these same groups are not provided with equal access to development opportunities such as training programs.
On the other hand, there are workplaces that operate under exclusionary practices. In many cases this comes from social norms rooted in attitudes toward different identities such as sexism and racism which limit who has access or benefit from employment opportunities (Pinderhughes & Williams-Mbengue, 2020). This type of culture perpetuates inequalities by presenting barriers to progress through inadequate diversity initiatives and/or discriminatory policies that hinder social mobility in terms of career paths (Williams-Mbengue et al., 2019).
Overall, it is important to recognize how cultural systems within the workplace play a critical role when considering how meaningful work takes place. As evidenced by both examples presented here it is evident that cultures must promote equity instead of exclusion which will ultimately ensure more equitable outcomes for all members regardless of their group identity.
applications of personalized medicine has wide influence fields. These applications involve diagnosis, screening, prediction, prognosis of treatment efficacy, control of patient after surgery to detect recurrence earlier and classification of patient into the small subgroups.
These subgroups favourably lead to choose targeted therapies. Targeted therapies provide high efficiency to respond rate to the therapy and survival consequences.(8) There are some current test for the varied aspects of personalized medicine (Table 1). Also personalized medicine contribute to the pharmaceutical companies. Because they waste o lot of money for the drug design. (9)
Cancer screening
Genetic and environmental factors are both contributor of the predisposition of cancer (10). Knowing the nature of these contributers is important to prevent the diseases ( adapting lifetstyle and behavior to the conditions). Sometimes genetic factors and cancer that are associated with each other affect significantly clinical intervention. For instance, as mentioned before if mutations occur at breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 and 2 (BRCA1,BRCA2) and at the same time if mutations occur at tumor suppressor genes , there is higher risk to develop the breast, ovarian, hematologic and prostate cancers(11). For these reason, regular screening, surgical measures and receive adjuvant therapies would undergo to prevent. Also genetic tests are used to analyse the inherited mutations DNA mismatch repair genes. Risk of advencing of colon cancer is high at the MLH1 and MSH2 genes(12). Under the light of this information cancer can be precluded with early screening colonoscopy to early detect and treat for cancer. Cancer databases that are about mutation types and polymorphisms are updated for public. These resources can be used to identify new biomarkers for screening.(13)
Tumor classification and subtyping
Personalized medicine changes the traditional classification of cancers from histologic scale to the molecular scale. Although histological scale does’nt give more information about prognosis , personalized tretment alternatives and risk of recurrence, molecular scale offers to give a detailed information about diseases processes(14). DNA, RNA, miRNA and protein have been used for molecy-ular analyses to classfy different tumor types into the subtypes. Each of them have an unique prognostic outcome that can not be identified with the traditional morphologic ways(15). Generally molecular scale for classification is used for acute myeloid leukemia, glioblastoma, breast cancer , and renal cell carcinoma , and to differentiate between Burkitt’s
