he chart below (Figure 1) helps understand the change in levels of education, over a period of 10 years across the world. As we can see, middle and low-income countries which typically experience the highest rates of migration have seen a significant increase in education, and hence, talent and skill levels. Thus, migration also acts a catalyst for talent augmentation.
While such a scenario makes a pressing case in favor of migration, this favorable outcome is not always achieved. Migration is a powerful concept, that can result in major set backs for source countries who are already in a disadvantageous position by creating a major impediment to their growth. Say, the initial outflow of talent from a poor country is large. These countries are unable to regain their original position through just talent building, because the gap left is far too wide (Collier). When the people left behind are those who could barely make ends meet, and proper education was a distant dream. In scenarios like these, the impact of brain drain is severely adverse. Thus, the impact of talent outflow is not straightforward and cannot be generalized across all nations. There are always two sides to the same coin, and for the purpose of this paper let them be the cases of Ireland and Uganda.

We can contrast the two different outcomes looking at two examples, Uganda and Ireland, in the same sector— healthcare. The World Health Organisation carried out case studies in both these countries and published the reports on their website. First, the case of Ireland, which experiences brain gain in this sector. The Irish medical workforce experienced a substantial outflow as those students and professionals trained within the country started seeking better opportunities and employment in other English speaking countries (“Ireland”) However, the government implemented a program— International Medical Graduate Training Initiative (IMGTI)— to attract and retain more foreign students, especially Pakistani and Sudanese Nationals. The program now also attracts professionals from eastern and central European countries. The number of students enrolled has incre