Stating the Problem

Individuals with developmental disabilities often face significant barriers to full inclusion within their communities. These barriers can manifest in various forms, including limited access to education, employment, healthcare, and social opportunities. This exclusion can lead to feelings of isolation, reduced quality of life, and increased reliance on support services.

Reframing the Problem

Historically, individuals with developmental disabilities have been viewed as problems to be solved or as burdens on society. This deficit-based perspective often focuses on limitations and needs, rather than on abilities and potential. A more empowering and person-centered approach would emphasize the strengths, capabilities, and unique contributions of individuals with developmental disabilities.

A reframed problem statement might be: “How can we create inclusive communities that celebrate the diversity of all individuals, including those with developmental disabilities, and empower them to reach their full potential?” This framing shifts the focus from a problem to be solved to a goal to be achieved, emphasizing the potential for positive change and the importance of collaboration between individuals with disabilities, their families, and community members.

Applying Systems Thinking to Understand the Problem

Using Stroh’s MCFL framework, we can analyze the problem of inclusion for individuals with developmental disabilities:

• Motivation: Why should things change?

  • To create a more just and equitable society where everyone has the opportunity to thrive.
  • To improve the quality of life for individuals with developmental disabilities and their families.
  • To reduce the burden on the healthcare and social welfare systems.

• Collaboration: Who is affected and who are the stakeholders?

  • Individuals with developmental disabilities
  • Families and caregivers
  • Healthcare providers
  • Educators
  • Employers
  • Policymakers
  • Community members

• Focus: Why should stakeholders collaborate to solve the problem? What should be done to leverage change?

  • To advocate for policies and practices that promote inclusion.
  • To provide high-quality education and support services.
  • To create accessible and inclusive communities.
  • To challenge stereotypes and promote positive attitudes towards disability.

• Learning: Why should the public bother to make the change? What do they need to learn? What is missing (needs)? What language should be used to frame the overall social problem?

  • To understand the challenges faced by individuals with developmental disabilities.
  • To appreciate the diversity of human experiences.
  • To develop empathy and compassion for others.
  • To learn about effective strategies for promoting inclusion.

Systems Thinking vs. Linear Approach

A linear approach to addressing the problem of inclusion would involve a step-by-step process, such as:

1. Identify the problem.
2. Develop a solution.
3. Implement the solution.
4. Evaluate the outcome.

This approach, while straightforward, often fails to account for the complex and interconnected nature of social problems. It may overlook unintended consequences, and it may not be adaptable to changing circumstances.

A systems thinking approach, on the other hand, recognizes that social problems are embedded within complex systems. It focuses on understanding the underlying patterns and relationships between different elements of the system, rather than simply treating symptoms. By taking a systems perspective, we can identify leverage points that can have a significant impact on the system as a whole.

For example, a systems thinker might focus on improving the accessibility of public transportation, which could have a ripple effect on employment, education, and social participation for individuals with disabilities. A linear approach, in contrast, might focus on providing individual support services, which may not address the systemic barriers that limit access to opportunities.