Part 1
Answer these short essay questions using the according readings attached, each short essay which should be around 300 words.
1) Identify the major eras of Chinese overseas migrations and diasporas. To what degree do you see shared experiences across time, and why? Also, what would you argue are the most important differences?

2) Steven Miles argues that histories of Chinese migrations and diasporas outside of China often were extensions of internal migrations within China. Looking at the evidence, to what extent do you agree?

Part 2
Write a brief essay (around 225 words) analyzing this primary source from 1940 written by the Chinese Youth Association, a group of Chinese Canadian teenagers attending high school and college in Canada. Consider: What is the source’s point of view? What are its goals and concerns? Who is its intended audience? What is its specific historical context? How do you explain its point of view? What kind of relationship to China and to Canada do you see? In your opinion, what is its historical significance?
An Open letter to Chinese youth:
“You are the potential defenders of China, in her sacred war of resistance to maintain National independence. This gallant (brave) struggle, carried on by the youth in China, demands your assistance. It is vitally necessary that you should not for one moment forget your important duty in the crucial hour upon which hangs our nation’s fate. The heroic deeds performed by our brothers and sisters in our homeland have been mentioned before, and the fact should be known and reiterated (repeated) that every drop of blood and every pound of flesh given up by them are done 30 with the hope of building up a free and democratic country for us to live In. Therefore, we should be conscious of their heroic sacrifice and try to match it without own courage and determination. It was with the above realization that the C.Y.A was organized. Through the efforts of a half-dozen ardent (passionate) youths the foundation of the present organization was laid. During its early days, this group encountered many obstacles, but the undaunted (not discouraged) spirits of the members overcame these and emerged victorious. Since its birth the CYA has done a good deal of work, but I hope you will not think that you have finished with your duty. Instead, you must prepare yourself for greater tasks ahead. The difficulties you have gone through are small compared to those to come. Therefore, you must be prepared for greater sacrifices. Our brother and sisters in China have demonstrated to us that they can endure (live through) hardships (suffering). So also, must you. Show them that you can do as much as they. You are going through the present ordeal (difficult time) in order to lay the foundation for the future happiness and welfare of our country. Keep in mind that you are future masters of China. Always be conscious of this fact and keep on increasing your efforts towards China’s cause.”
–Chinese Youth Association, 1940