Climate Change

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1. Read the following articles, published during October 2018: https://grist.org/article/how-brazils-presidential-election-could-eff-up-the-planet-for-everyone/

https://theconversation.com/jair-bolsonaros-brazil-would-be-a-disaster-for-the-amazon-and-global-climate-change-104617

And this article published in 2021:

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jul/14/amazon-rainforest-will-collapse-if-bolsonaro-remains-president

In the 1960s and 1970s, while Brazil was under a military dictatorship, Brazilian land policy opened up vast swaths of the Amazonian rainforest for farming, pasture-grazing, and logging. These policies accelerated the deforestation of the Amazonian rainforest.

A. What “good news” do the articles describe as happening to Amazonian rainforest deforestation in more recent decades?

B. List and describe three environmental policies that new Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro has proposed that would gravely endanger the Amazon rainforest and jeopardize our likelihood of keeping global warming below 1.5C.

C. According to the articles, why is the Amazon so important for keeping global warming in check?

D. After three years of Bolsonaro’s presidency, why are activists now saying the Amazon will entirely collapse if his policies are not immediately reversed? In your estimation––and according to the 2021 article––were the grave warnings from 2018 accurate or were they not grave enough?

E. Based on the three articles, and our discussions in class, would you classify Jair Bolsonaro as a climate denier? If so, which “denier tactics” (that we discussed in class) does Bolsonaro employ?

2. Using the spreadsheet titled “climatechange_chitemps_spreadsheet, answer the following questions (similar to what we did in class):

A. In class we compared 1984 temperatures to 2017 temperatures, here you are comparing 1950 temperatures to 1980 and 2017 temperatures. Using the spreadsheet data, show and then discuss whether 1950 was warmer or cooler than 1980.

B. Now show and discuss whether 1980 was warmer or cooler than 2017.

C. Do your observations from Part A and B lead you to conclude that Chicago has been warming since 1950? How? Be sure to describe your logic using as numbers and graphs.

D. Sketch your results or attach the graphs you made that clearly show your results to Parts A-C

E. Now, look at the columns showing precipitation data. Using a similar method that you used in Parts A-B, show whether has precipitation changed between 1960, 1980 and 2017. Based only on these data, how would you describe the response of precipitation in Chicago to climate change?

Sample Solution

b. BPD should consider implementing the Massachusetts Screening Tool for Law Enforcement (MASTLE): an objective, validated screening instrument that is designed to assist police officers in making the decisions identified above. The MASTLE can be accessed for implementation at no cost. Limited training and technical assistance from the tool’s developer, the National Youth Screening and Assessment Project, may also be available to support implementation.

c. DJS should consider amending its practice of screening all youth who appear at the BCJJC for detention admission using the Detention Risk Assessment Instrument, even youth who will ultimately be diverted prior to DJS referral through the BPD Diversion Program. This will limit young people’s exposure to the detrimental impact and collateral consequences associated with generating unnecessary DJS and court records.

d. BPD should develop a training and messaging strategy to increase officer knowledge and understanding of new policies and protocols for interacting with youth, the purpose of the juvenile court system, details of juvenile justice process, and the purpose of secure detention. Clear and consistent messaging for officers will help to mitigate the obdurate frustration that officers reportedly experience when they perceive that young people are not being held accountable by the system.

e. Conduct a case processing analysis of adult-charged youth in detention to identify why time spent in detention for these youth has doubled from 2014 to 2018 and develop policies and programs to address the causes of delays.

2. Programs and Conditions

a. The City should partner closely with DJS and the Baltimore JDAI Oversight Board to assess the continuum of Secure Detention Alternative established by DJS and the extent to which it meets existing needs.

b. The City and its appropriate offices and agencies should partner with DJS to identify additional programs for youth in detention, in particular youth charged as adults, that can help young people build skills and connections that will help them succeed following release and return to their communities.

c. To the extent that there are gaps in the existing Secure Detention Alternatives Continuum

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