Sample Solution

On 19 Feburary1954 in a Joint Communiqu??` issued together in Karachi and Ankara; it was declared that Turkey and Pakistan were agreed to adopt the mechanisms of closer cooperation in the political, economic and cultural departments, and they will also put their sincere efforts to develop peace and security between each other not only in their own interest but also in the interest of all peace loving nations. (Burke, 1973) That contents of that Turku-Pakistan communiqu?? of February 1954 developed into concrete shape in an agreement signed on April 2, 1954. According to that agreement’s Article IV which dealt co-operation in defense, and statement shows that a switch of information regarding technical grounds will be made and endeavors will be done to fulfill the requirements for the ample supply of arms and ammunition in case of unjustified attacks under Article 51 of the charter of United Nations. (Hussain, 2008).

Baghdad Pact

Turkey and Iraq laid the foundation of the Baghdad Pact, signing a Pct of Mutual Cooperation for ‘security and defense’ in February 1955 in the Iraqi capital. It was not an auspicious start. In the first place, Turkey was unpopular in the Arab world for having recognized Israel. Secondly, Egypt, which was considered by Britain as the key to a defense arrangement in the Middle East, denounced the Baghdad Pact. On receiving an invitation from Turkey and Iraq to join, Pakistan was not enthusiastic. Disappointed with the amount of US aid, Pakistan was no longer keen to undertake further military commitments in Middle East. In June, Ayub Khan was invited to Turkey. Prime Minister Nuri said of Iraq was also there. He and Adnan Manderes succeeded in convincing Ayub about the advantages of joining the pact. On 23 September 1955, Pakistan signed the Pact of Mutual Cooperation in Baghdad, in it the other regional members included Iran, Iraq and Turkey. Britian also joined it but the United States did not become a full member. The Baghdad Pact provided a good line of cooperation regarding the security and defense of the members. This line was adopted to counter the Russian policy of expansion southwards in the direct