Sample Solution

Historically, gelatin and cross-linked albumin were used to prepare the first nanoparticles proposed as carriers for therapeutic applications [121, 122]. Synthetic polymers were used to prepare the nanoparticles to avoid the usage of the proteins as they may stimulate the immune system and also, to minimize the toxicity of the cross-linking agents. At first, the nanoparticles were prepared using emulsion polymerization of acryl amide and by dispersion polymerization of methylmethacrylate [123, 124]. These nanoparticles were proposed as adjuvants for vaccines. Polymethacrylate (PMA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) have been broadly used in a variety of pharmaceutical and medical applications. Specifically, PMMA Eudragit® nanoparticles can be prepared by nanoprecipitation method [125]. PMMA can be used to prepare pH-sensitive nanoparticles in order to increase the drug oral bioavailability where, the side chain of these polymers can be modified to possess pH-dependent solubility.
Poly (methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles were first investigated as adjuvants for injectable vaccines [126, 127] when the achievement of a very prolonged immune response is desired due to that they are very slowly biodegradable. They are also of a great value for basic body distribution studies where the determination of the fate of intact particles has to be followed over an extended time period.

Several copolymers of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate were developed as ester components with methacrylic acid for use as enteric polymers. These polymers are manufactured by an emulsion-polymerization process and are obtainable in numerous forms. The polymer content of carboxyl groups is the major factor affecting the dissolution properties of the polymer. They are synthetic cationic and anionic polymers of dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylates, methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters in varying ratios.
Polymethacrylates are used as tablet binders, tablet diluents and film forming agents e.g. Ca