Confounding can affect a study’s conclusion

 

• Define confounding and state how confounding can affect a study’s conclusion. What is meant by Simpson’s paradox and how does it pertain to confounding? How do epidemiologic researchers control for confounding?

 

 

Sample Solution

Confounding means the distortion of the association between the independent and dependent variables because a third variable is independently associated with both. A causal relationship between two variables is often described as the way in which the independent variable affects the dependent variable. Confounding factors, if not controlled for, cause bias in the estimate of the impact of the exposure being studied. This is because the external influence from the confounding variable or third factor can ruin your research outcome and produce useless results by suggesting a non-existent connection between variables. The effects of confounding can result in an observable difference between study populations when no real difference exists.

are created while he is developing and realizes the reason why what he is doing is great. Whenever he has taken in the upside, then he would comprehend the reason why his activities were righteous. Glancing back at Plato’s contentions, he contends that righteousness essentially demonstrates one to act in various ways.

Aristotle’s positions appears to struggle with Plato’s way of thinking. Plato will later contended that incontinence happens when an individual’s cravings move him to advance or act in the manner that the person needs to perform. Be that as it may, we will examine this later on.

 

Confucius is one more noticeable figure that has been comparative with the cutting edge improvement of an ethical person. Confucius gos through numerous years contemplating the ideas of human thoughtfulness and the improvement of a person. His lessons were fundamentally brimming with ethnics on human ways of behaving. He talked more on the consideration of human instead of profound ideas. While focusing on his morals, Confucius was well known for demanding things with a name. In another words, Confucius contended that things should be obvious to one’s psyche to work appropriately in a climate. The Analects composed by Confucius noticed the thoughts of temperance and the noble of human thoughtfulness and the way to effective mankind. In XV.8 of the Analects, Confucius expresses, “The decided researcher and the man of ideals won’t try to inhabit the cost of humankind. They will try and forfeit their lives to safeguard their mankind. “Confucius contends that the existence of an indiviudal is to safeguard one’s ideals. The demonstrations of that individual should be saved to act to the upside. Another maxim that validate Confucius contention is IV.25 (Eastern), it states, “Temperance isn’t passed on to remain solitary. He who rehearses it will have neighbors.” However, in the western philosophical view, Aristotle contends that the perspective on righteous movement uncovers how the individual adds to an extraordinary life. Activities are significant when one live calmly with another. For instance, nationalism comes into mind with regards to America. Throughout the long term, fighters have been associated with their chivalry. Subsequently, the troopers are battling for what they accept to be their honor, yet they are jeopardizing their life.

 

Confucius keeps on looking for information. He is by all accounts extremely unimportant, close, and little leaning. Moreover, he can be common, diligent and others conscious. This can be steady with Plato’s perspectives. Most social orders and culture takes a stab at goodness, and pioneers have their fundamental shared characteristics for individual way of behaving, which should be visible in VI. 28. This expressing thinks about to Socrates. Confucius, as well, needs to spread the insight to everybody. He maintains that everybody should be well, not simply himself.

 

In conclusion, one more conspicuous figure in the realm of reasoning is Plato. Plato’s compositions, for example, Apology show sensational records of the occasions prompting his passing, as well as delineating matters of worries, moral living, and consistent focus and articulation.

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