Correct hypersensitivity reaction
Identify the correct hypersensitivity reaction.
Explain the pathophysiology associated with the chosen hypersensitivity reaction.
Identify at least three subjective findings from the case.
Identify at least three objective findings from the case.
Identify two strongly recommended medication classes for the treatment of the condition and provide an example (drug name) for each.
Describe the mechanism of action for each of the medication classes identified above.
Identify two treatment options that are NOT recommended (I.e., recommended against).
provides correct in-text citations for responses which match the reference page.
Has minimal spelling, grammar & APA format errors.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur when the body's immune system overreacts to a foreign substance. This foreign substance, known as an allergen, can be anything from food to medication to insect venom.
When a person is exposed to an allergen for the first time, the immune system produces antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies attach to mast cells and basophils, which are white blood cells that release chemicals called histamine and other mediators when they are activated.
If the person is exposed to the allergen again, the IgE antibodies will bind to the allergen and cause the mast cells and basophils to release histamine and other mediators. These mediators cause a number of changes in the body, including:
- Vasodilation: This causes the blood vessels to widen, which leads to a decrease in blood pressure.
- Increased vascular permeability: This causes the blood vessels to leak fluid, which can lead to swelling and tissue damage.
- Smooth muscle contraction: This can cause narrowing of the airways, which can lead to difficulty breathing.
- Bronchoconstriction: This causes the airways to narrow, which can also lead to difficulty breathing.
- Urticaria: This is a rash that is caused by swelling of the skin.
- Angioedema: This is a swelling that is caused by fluid leaking from the blood vessels into the tissues.
- Anaphylaxis is a serious medical emergency. If you think you are having an anaphylactic reaction, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.
- There are a number of things that can trigger anaphylaxis. These include food, medication, insect venom, latex, and exercise.
- There is no way to predict who will develop anaphylaxis. However, people who have a history of allergies are more likely to develop anaphylaxis.
- There are a number of things that can be done to prevent anaphylaxis. These include avoiding known allergens, carrying an epinephrine auto-injector, and being aware of the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.
Sample Solution
Allergic rhinitis is considered a Type I hypersensitivity characterized by inflammation of the of the mucous membranes of the nose, eyes, eustachian tubes, middle ear, sinuses, and pharynx. As any other hypersensitivity the individual must first become sensitized through repeated exposures which is identified by high levels of IgE production. These IgE antibodies coat the mast cells which leads to the process of releasing mediators such as histamine and activation of an acute inflammatory response (McCance & Heuther, 2019). This inflammatory response leads to the symptoms this patient is presenting with such as clear rhinorrhea, sneezing, itching, and inflammation around the eyes and nose.