Sample Solution

The three main approaches to database programming are structured query language (SQL), object-oriented databases (OODBMS) and NoSQL. Each of these approaches has advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when selecting a method for developing or managing a database.

Structured Query Language, commonly known as SQL, is the most popular approach to database programming used today. SQL allows developers to easily manipulate data stored in relational databases. It provides powerful commands such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE which allow users to access and modify large amounts of data quickly and efficiently. The biggest advantage of using SQL is its flexibility – it can be used on virtually any platform, making it an ideal choice for developing cross-platform applications. On the other hand, SQL requires users to use complex queries in order to perform more advanced operations such as joins between tables or creating views over multiple tables – this complexity makes it difficult for novice programmers to learn how to use effectively without prior experience.(Souza).

Object-oriented databases (OODBMS) offer an alternative approach for manipulating data – rather than using queries as with SQL, objects are used instead. This makes it much easier for developers who are familiar with object-oriented languages such as Java or C# since they can directly interact with objects within the database itself rather than having to learn a new language specific query syntax like they would need if they were working with a traditional relational database system(Scalar). The main advantage of OODBMS is that it allows developers greater freedom when designing their application since there is no need for them to create complex query structures or define relationships between tables in advance – all this can be done within the code itself by simply accessing the appropriate objects directly from the database(Gaines). However, one disadvantage of OODBMS is that performance may suffer due to overhead associated with loading objects from the underlying storage structure – this can slow down applications significantly if not accounted for properly during development stages(Rao).

NoSQL databases provide another approach which avoids many of the problems associated with both traditional relational systems and OODBMSs mentioned above by offering more flexible schema designs which do not require predefined table structures or relationships between different data entities(Fowler). This makes NoSQL very useful when dealing with unstructured data where rigid schemas cannot be applied because of their fluid nature but still want some sort of organization applied so that information can be retrieved quickly when needed(Krishnan et al.). Unfortunately though one major disadvantage lies in scalability – NoSQL systems often struggle under load since there is no standard way of controlling accesses across nodes meaning each node needs to communicate separately (Halevy et al.).