Deadly Pandemic

Scenario

A deadly new virus has killed thousands in the Far East and is very contagious. It is now found to be spreading in the United States. One antiviral drug is the only known treatment, and that drug is in short supply. It will take months to ramp up manufacturing for this medication.

The virus struck your town a few days ago. It affects people of all ages and demographics, including your healthcare workers. Once contracted, 20% die if not treated with the antiviral drug. It is particularly deadly for healthy pre-teens and pregnant women.

Your community’s public health agency will receive the first shipment of drug in a few days, but only enough to treat about ½ of the seriously ill patients who need it. This must be divided up among the hospitals and clinics. Once exhausted, there is no other pipeline to access the drug.

You are the Director of the Health Department, and your agency is preparing guidelines for which patients to treat with this limited supply drug.

Answer each of the following questions on the Discussion Board. All answers and replies should be substantive. Back up all positions/opinions with credible peer-reviewed literature research.

1. In your first post, answer each of the following questions:
• Should your agency’s guidelines prioritize healthcare workers for priority treatment? What about other workers that society relies upon like police, fire fighters and other key workers?

• What are the best reasons for and against such a policy?

• Your agency has recommended to you that the limited supply drug be given to the two high-risk groups (young adults and pregnant women). Do you agree with this approach, why or why not?

Sample Solution

Among the noble metals, excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial properties have made silver a considerable interest as nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Extensive research has gone into synthesizing and characterizing silver nanoparticles because the size, shape and composition of AgNPs can have significant effect on their efficacy [2].

Research on silver nanoparticles has clearly demonstrated that the shape, size, and size distribution, which can be varied by using different methods, reducing agents, and stabilizers, influence their optical, electromagnetic, and catalytic properties. New approaches in sensing and imaging applications have been possible due to the valuable optical properties of AgNPs, leading to surface-enhanced Raman scattering techniques, at extremely low detection limits [1].

In the environment and in living organism, silver has several forms like metallic, ionic, complexes, and colloidal. Small size and large surface to volume ratios are characteristic to silver nanoparticles. In comparison with their bulk counterparts, these characteristics can lead to both chemical and physical differences in their properties. These differences include mechanical, and biological properties, catalytic activity, thermal and electrical conductivity, optical absorption, and melting point [1].

Extensive investigations have been made on AgNPs and their associated nanostructures because of their great potential applications in plasmonic, antibacterial materials, sensing, and spectroscopy. For example, silver nanoparticles have been used as antibacterial agents in burn and wound therapy. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and strong bacterial resistance to antibiotics are exhibited by AgNPs, making them ideal for biotechnological applications [1].

Examples of several applications in which silver nanoparticles are used:

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