Difference between the medical approach with the public health approach

Sample Solution

The medical approach to saving lives from cardiovascular disease (CVD) focuses on treating individuals who are already at high risk for or who have already developed CVD. This approach typically involves using medications, surgery, and other medical interventions to manage risk factors and prevent or treat CVD events. The public health approach to saving lives from CVD focuses on preventing CVD from happening in the first place. This approach typically involves addressing the social and environmental determinants of health, such as poverty, lack of access to healthy food and exercise, and exposure to air pollution. Here is a table that summarizes the key differences between the medical and public health approaches to saving lives from CVD:

Characteristic	Medical approach	Public health approach
Focus	Individuals	Populations
Goals	Treat and prevent CVD in individuals	Prevent CVD from happening in the first place
Interventions	Medications, surgery, and other medical interventions	Addressing social and environmental determinants of health

drive_spreadsheetExport to Sheets Advantages and Disadvantages Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of the medical approach:

• Can be highly effective in preventing or treating CVD events in individuals
• Can be tailored to the individual's specific needs and risk factors

Disadvantages of the medical approach:

• Can be expensive
• Can have side effects
• May not be accessible to everyone

Advantages of the public health approach:

• Can be more cost-effective than the medical approach in the long term
• Can have a broader impact on public health by preventing CVD from happening in the first place
• Can benefit everyone in the population, regardless of their individual risk factors

Disadvantages of the public health approach:

• Can be difficult to implement and measure the impact of
• May take longer to see results than the medical approach

Examples Here are some examples of the medical and public health approaches to saving lives from CVD, as described in Chapter 11 of the textbook: Medical approach:

• Statin therapy: Statins are medications that lower cholesterol levels. They have been shown to be highly effective in reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke in people at high risk for CVD.
• Blood pressure medication: Blood pressure medication can lower blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for CVD.
• Cardiac surgery: Cardiac surgery can be used to treat CVD conditions such as coronary artery disease and heart failure.

Public health approach:

• Smoke-free air laws: Smoke-free air laws have been shown to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke in both smokers and nonsmokers.
• Healthy food and beverage initiatives: Healthy food and beverage initiatives, such as taxes on sugary drinks and subsidies for healthy foods, can help people make healthier choices and reduce their risk of obesity, diabetes, and other CVD risk factors.
• Physical activity promotion: Physical activity promotion programs can help people increase their physical activity levels, which is a major protective factor against CVD.

Data and References Here is some relevant data and references that support the advantages and disadvantages of the medical and public health approaches to saving lives from CVD: Medical approach:

• A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that statin therapy reduced the risk of heart attack by 37% and the risk of stroke by 25% in people at high risk for CVD.
• A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that blood pressure medication reduced the risk of heart attack by 25% and the risk of stroke by 34% in people with high blood pressure.
• A study published in the Lancet found that cardiac surgery reduced the risk of death by 50% in people with severe coronary artery disease.

Public health approach:

• A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that smoke-free air laws reduced the risk of heart attack by 17% and the risk of stroke by 21% in the years after their implementation.
• A study published in the BMJ found that a 10% increase in the price of sugary drinks was associated with a 6% decrease in sugary drink consumption and a 12% decrease in obesity rates among children.
• A study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that people who participated in a physical activity promotion program were 1.7 times more likely to meet the recommended physical activity guidelines than those who did not participate in the program.

Conclusion Both the medical and public health approaches to saving lives from CVD are important. The medical approach can be highly effective in preventing or treating CVD events in individuals, but it can be expensive and have side effects. The public