Elementary Principal

uld be no trust that people are obeying rules if the comman man would just make decisions that allowed any kind of violations of law or cheating for sake of maximising good. Bernard Williams argued consequentialism required impartiality which focuses on consequences of action and this requirement deprives an individual of their own integrity because the concept of utilitarianism doesn’t differentiate in a person themselves bringing about an outcome vs someone else producing an outcome. Practically rule consequentialism proves to maximise utility in situations such as traffic rules. It would be safer if everyone followed rules like ‘no drunk driving or speed limit.’ Hence its safer to follow rule utility over act utility in such cases. Act utility would give room for individuals to determine the best action. A rule based system leads to greater overall utility because people are capable of having bad judgement. Having specific rules to follow maximizes utility by not relying on the drivers’ judgments that could possibly endanger others or themselves too. For instance, based on an individual drivers’ judgements not following the road stop signs over some emergency could endanger many. The stop sign would distinctly set the rule and tell drivers to stop and does not allow them to calculate whether it would be better to stop or not. Rule consequentialism avoids criticisms of act consequentialism. According to critics, act consequentialism approves of actions that can be wrong, undermine justice, undermine basic trust among people, and its demanding because it requires people to make sacrifices. Rule consequentialists avoids underming trust because they do not evaluate individual actions separately and instead support rules that maximize utility. Many of the rules would maximize utility. For example, rules that clearly distinguish the right and wrong in medical practice where doctors would clearly not be allowed to use one healthy patients organs to save five other patient lives, even if saving five patients results in maximum good. Else no one would trust doctors or the benefits of medical treatment. In defence of rule utility, Brak Hooker pointed out the different contexts in wh

Sample Solution

The school district I am familiar with has five main funds, each funded by different sources and supporting various operations. These funds are the General Fund, Capital Outlay Fund, Debt Service Fund, Pupil Activity Fund and Food Services Fund. The largest fund is the General Fund which is used to cover the district’s operating expenses such as salaries and benefits for employees, utilities and other services necessary for educational support (Texas Education Agency , 2021). An example of a revenue associated with this fund would be money from state appropriations or taxes. An example of an expense in this fund would be teacher salaries or textbooks purchased for students. The next largest fund is the Capital Outlay Fund which is used to purchase fixed assets such as buildings, furniture or technology (Texas Education Agency , 2021). A revenue source for this type of fund could be bond issuances approved by voters while an example of an expense associated with it could include purchasing new computers for classrooms. The Debt Service Fund covers debt payments on general obligation bonds that have been issued by districts ( Texas Education Agency , 2021 ). The Pupil Activity Funds pays for extracurricular activities like sports teams or student clubs while Food Services Funds are responsible for managing food service programs at schools within the district (Texas Education Agency , 2021). A revenue source in either of these funds might be tuition fees paid by students participating in activities while examples of expenses might include purchasing uniforms or providing food items to those participating in meal programs.