ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

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Question 1
a) Answer the following questions relating to BIM.
i. What is BIM (Explain the three Ms of BIM)? (3 marks)
ii. Explain the possible benefits of BIM and the three phases of BIM over the
building life cycle. (2 marks)
iii. Which BIM pillar focuses on sustainability? Explain its focus areas? (3 marks)
b) The UK Government has become the first major economy to pass Net Zero Carbon
(NZC) 2050 as law, with all new buildings required to assess embodied and
operational carbon. How would you go about calculating the embodied and
operation carbon impacts of a building? (9 marks)
c) Please describe 4 critical environmental factors of your building design, which can be
simulated through digital tools. (8 marks)
Question 2
a) With the use of a schematic diagram, explain the global ocean conveyor belt and
how this affects the temperature of locations in Western Europe compared with
locations on similar latitudes. (8 marks)
b) You are required to provide natural ventilation to a building at the following site
located at mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (See Figure 1). The building
needs to be a single-storey building, with a total floor area of 500m2. It can be
located anywhere within the boundary of the site. Focusing on its shape and
orientation, sketch the optimum design for this, and explain the rationale for your
decisions. (10 marks)
Figure 1: Site information for single-storey building
Module Code: ARCH211 Page 3 of 4 Continued
c) After further climatic analysis of the site, it was decided that the building would
benefit from passive solar heat gain in the winter months. Explain, with an
annotated diagram, how you may change the orientation of the building to enhance
solar heat gain, and how natural ventilation through the building can still be kept
after a change in orientation. (7 marks)
Question 3
a) With the use of an equation, define the U-Value of a building component, and state
the units in which it is measured. (10 marks)
b) An external wall consists of two leaves of brickwork, each 102mm thick, with a
50mm cavity which is completely filled with insulation. Using information in Table 1,
calculate the U-Value of this wall. Your answer should include an annotated sketch of
the wall. (10 marks)
Table 1: Thermal properties of materials
Thermal Conductivity
Element Thermal Conductivity (W / m K)
Brickwork 0.7
Cavity Insulation 0.04
Surface Resistances
Surface Thermal Resistance (m2 K / W)
Inside Surface 0.13
Outside Surface 0.04
c) With information in Table 1, it is only possible to estimate of the U-Value of the wall.
Discuss factors that will make the U-Value higher in reality. (5 marks)
Question 4
a) Sketch the sunpath diagram for a site located between the tropics of Cancer and
Capricorn. Briefly explain the shape of this sunpath diagram, and how this relates to
solar positions at key dates such as the solstices and the equinoxes, as well as
sunrise / sunset positions and maximum solar altitude angles. (11 marks)
b) Using an online sun-path diagram (for example:
http://andrewmarsh.com/apps/releases/sunpath2d.html), generate a sun-path
Module Code: ARCH211 Page 4 of 4 End
diagram for Lisbon in Portugal. You should also copy the generated sun-path diagram
in your answers. (2 marks)
c) A fixed horizontal shading device was chosen to provide full shading during the
overheated period (June, July and August) ending in August 31 for a building in
Lisbon, Portugal. Using the generated sun-path in part b, estimate the lowest solar
altitude angle at noon during this period and determine the required depth of the
horizontal shading device (d in the Figure 2).
The height between the windowsill to the lower surface of the shading device (h in
Figure 1) is 1.5m. Please show all steps of your working out. (9 marks)
Figure 2: Section for Required External Shading
d) Apart from a flat horizontal external shading device of length calculated in c. Give
two (2) other shading solution that would also provide the same shading effect,
explaining why these are also effective. (3 marks)

 

SAMPLE SOLUTION

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

Building Information Modeling [BIM] is an intelligent 3D model-based process that gives architecture, engineering, and construction [AEC] professionals the insight and tools to more efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure. A holistic understanding of BIM encompasses all three aspects of geometry, information management and process management. The three phases of BIM over the building life cycle include pre-construction stage, construction stage, and post-construction stage. The most significant and useful benefit of BIM is its ability to reduce errors throughout the life cycle of the project. Building a full digital model of the project highlights any issues early on, and allows changes to be made before any of the physical construction has been carried out. This in turn reduces costs.

In the sorting room, Finch acquires the regard of long-lasting leader of the sorting room, Mr. Twimble, who is moving to the delivery office and must pick his successor. He reveals to Finch the key to life span at the organization (“The Company Way”).

Twimble declared Finch as his decision to head the sorting room, anyway the book cautions not to remain in the sorting room excessively long. Finch prescribes Frump for the advancement rather than himself, to benefit the organization. Twimble is hesitant to advance Frump due to his lethargy, yet Frump vows to be a decent representative (“The Company Way (Reprise)”). Twimble and Bratt are both intrigued by Finch’s magnanimous choice, and Bratt extends to him an employment opportunity as a lesser official in the Plans and Systems division, headed by Mr. Gatch, sadly.

An incredibly appealing yet air-headed lady named Hedy LaRue, Mr. Biggley’s mystery special lady, is procured as a secretary. Her passageway draws in the consideration of the considerable number of men in the workplace, provoking Bratt to clarify the workplace approach on being a tease (“A Secretary isn’t a Toy”). Finch gains from Mr. Biggley’s secretary, Miss Jones, that Biggley is a glad alumni of Old Ivy school. In the lift by the day’s end, Rosemary’s kindred secretary Smitty encourages her and Finch set up a date (“Been A Long Day”). After they leave, Frump runs into Biggley and Hedy and understands the idea of their relationship. He coerces Biggley into giving him an advancement, by taking steps to tell his mom (“Been A Long Day (Reprise)”).

Finch shows up sooner than expected Saturday morning and sets up the workplace so it would appear that he has been working throughout the night, realizing that Biggley is coming in to the workplace soon. Finch persuades Biggley that he is additionally a pleased former student of Old Ivy and they sing the Old Ivy battle tune (“Grand Old Ivy”). Biggley requests that Finch be given his own office and secretary, and Bratt relegates Hedy to him. With the book’s assistance, Finch understands that Biggley must be Hedy’s supporter and sends her on a task to Gatch, very much aware that Gatch will make a go at her. Gatch succumbs to the snare and is sent to Venezuela, and Finch is elevated to his situation as head of Plans and Systems.

At a gathering for the new Advertising Department head, Benjamin Burton Daniel Ovington, Rosemary would like to intrigue Finch with her new dress, a Paris unique. Be that as it may, the various ladies show up at the gathering wearing a similar dress (“Paris Original”). Hedy, who has had an excessive amount to drink, goes up to Biggley’s office to shower.

Slob plans for Biggley to find Finch kissing Hedy in his office, however after LaRue extorts Finch into kissing her, he understands he’s quite love with Rosemary and proposes to her (“Rosemary”). As Rosemary is going to acknowledge, Hedy leaves the washroom in a towel which enrages Rosemary. She leaves, however comes back to reveal to Finch that Bud and Biggley are simply outside. Slob and Biggley stroll into the workplace similarly as Finch grasps Rosemary. Ovington is compelled to leave after Finch prompts him to uncover to Biggley that he is an alum from Northern State, Old Ivy’s harsh adversary. Biggley names Finch Vice-President in Charge of Advertising. Biggley leaves as Finch and Rosemary proclaim their affection for one another, and Bud Frump pledges retribution to stop Finch’s transient ascent (“Act I Finale”).
After two days, Rosemary feels disregarded by Finch and chooses to stop. Smitty and her kindred secretaries persuade her to remain in light of the fact that she’s experiencing their fantasy about wedding an official (“Cinderella, Darling”).

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