Erikson’s stage of initiative vs. guilt

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1.Describe Erikson’s stage of initiative vs. guilt. What can parents and/or caregivers do to foster initiative in early childhood?
2.Describe play in early childhood. What role does play have in socioemotional development during this stage of development?
3.Many children enter preschool in early childhood? What is the purpose of early childhood education? What should parents look for when selecting a preschool program?
4.Discuss cognitive development during early childhood. What changes occur in thinking during this period? How do children in this developmental period perceive their surroundings?

 

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Erickson’s stage of initiative vs. guilt

Initiative versus guilty is the third stage of Erickson’s theory of psycho-social development. During the initiative versus guilt stage, children assert themselves more frequently through directing play and other social interaction, particularly lively, rapid developing years in a child’s life. Play is an important part of a child’s early development since it helps young children’s brain to develop and for their language and communication skills to mature [Ginsburg, 2007, Pediatric Annals, October 1977]. Early childhood care and education is more than preparation for primary school. It aims at the holistic development of a child’s social, emotional, cognitive and physical needs in order to build a solid and broad foundation for lifelong learning and well being. As parents, it is essential we think about not what children think or learn, but how they are thinking and learning. Cognitive development provides children with the means of paying attention to thinking about the world around them

difficult labors of women, of the troubled complexities of navigating social worlds as a girl/woman, of the damning limitations put on girls, of the ways these limitations are passed down generation by generation, of the complexity of our relationships with our mothers, of the ways we recreate our parents in our relationships with our children. The voice is stern and commanding, brooking no backtalk. But there seems to be a logic at work other than the validity of the mother’s voice ‘ her intent is being undermined. Twice the daughter’s voice intervenes, resisting the mother’s scolding, but it isn’t clear where the daughter’s voice comes from. The narrator seems to contain both voices. The girl becomes present in her absence which looms over the whole affair (including the title); a kind of absence that suggests a deeper connection between the girl and the narrator, perhaps that they are the same person. The phrases are a mother’s way of insuring that her daughter has the tools that she needs to survive as an adult. The fact that the mother takes the time to train the daughter in the proper ways for a lady to act in their culture is indicative of their familial love; the fact that there are so many rules and moral principles that are being passed to the daughter indicates that mother and daughter spend a lot of time together. The reader gets the impression that the advice that the mother gives her daughter has been passed. Social values held to be important in human society are effectively portrayed in literature. Through literary works, individuals/writers are able to express their subjective interpretations of life and social reality as they experience it. Literature as the mirror of social reality is explicitly expressed in the literary work, Girl by Jamaica Kincaid. This literary work illustrate literature as a medium through which Kincaid was able to express her views about the values and norms imposed on women by the society, and sometimes, their own community and social group as well. In G

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