Framingham Heart Study
Description
Using the Framingham Heart Study dataset provided, perform the ANOVA mul variable linear regression analysis using BMI as a con nuous variable. Before conduc ng the analysis, be sure that all par cipants have complete data on all analysis variables. If par cipants are excluded due to missing data, the numbers excluded should be reported. Then describe how each characteris c is related to BMI. Are crude and mul variable e ects similar? What might explain or account for any di erences?
H0 The BMI is not related to the pa ent characteris cs in the Framingham Heart Study. (Null Hypothesis)
H1 The BMI is related to the pa ent characteris cs in the Framingham Heart Study. (Alterna ve Hypothesis)
Upload the Framingham Heart Study dataset into R Studio. (Refer to Chapters 7 (pp. 127-141) & 12 (pp. 207-209) in Introductory Sta s cs with R or pages 111-122 in EXCEL Sta s cs: A Quick Guide).
Exclude par cipants with missing data on analysis variables (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, current smoker, and diabetes = cleaning the data). Conduct the simple linear regression (ANOVA) by using the Excel Regression tool in the Data Analysis Toolpak. Remember SEX is coded 1=male and 2=female.
RStudio instruc ons:
Exclude par cipants with missing data on analysis variables (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, current smoker, and diabetes = cleaning the data). Conduct the simple linear regression (ANOVA) by using RStudio you will use the t.test () command and the summary () command to get your mean and standard devia on.
Present your ndings in a Word document by copying and pas ng the ANOVA table into the document. Your paper must include a tle page, an introduc on, a discussion where you interpret the meaning of the ANOVA test, and a conclusion. Your submission should be 3-4 pages to discuss and display your ndings.
Provide support for your statements with in-text cita ons from a minimum of four scholarly, peer- reviewed ar cles. Two of these sources may be from the class readings, textbook, or lectures, but the others must be external. The Saudi Digital Library is a good place to nd these sources and should be your primary resource for conduc ng research.
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Sample Solution
Thirdly, Vittola argues that war should be avoided (Begby et al (2006b), Page 332) and that we should proceed circumstances diplomatically. This is supported by the “last resort” stance in Frowe, where war should not be permitted unless all measures to seek diplomacy fails (Frowe (2011), Page 62). This means war shouldn’t be declared until one party has no choice but to declare war, in order to protect its territory and rights, the aim of war. However, we can also argue that the war can never be the last resort, given there is always a way to try to avoid it, like sanctions or appeasement, showing Vittola’s theory is flawed. Fourthly, Vittola questions upon whose authority can demand a declaration of war, where he implies any commonwealth can go to war, but more importantly, “the prince” where he has “the natural order” according to Augustine, and all authority is given to him. This is further supported by Aristotle’s Politics ((1996), Page 28): ‘a king is the natural superior of his subjects.’ However, he does later emphasise to put all faith in the prince is wrong and has consequences; a thorough examination of the cause of war is required along with the willingness to negotiate rival party (Begby et al (2006b), Page 312& 318). This is supported by the actions of Hitler are deemed unjustly. Also, in today’s world, wars are no longer fought only by states but also non-state actors like Al-Queda and ISIS, showing Vittola’s normative claim on authority is outdated. This is further supported by Frowe’s claim that the leader needs to represent the people’s interests, under legitimate authority, which links on to the fourth condition: Public declaration of war. Agreed with many, there must be an official announcement on a declaration of war (Frowe (2011), Page 59-60&63). Finally, the most controversial condition is that wars should have a reasonable chance of success. As Vittola reiterated, the aim of war is to establish peace and security; securing the public good. If this can’t be achieved, Frowe argues it would be better to surrender to the enemy. This can be justified because the costs of war would have been bigger (Frowe (2011), Page 56-7).