Hormonal changes during pregnancy
Concisely states the motivation for the study and how it fits into the existing body of knowledge. It should have:
1. Background information regarding previous knowledge and should be obtained from a journal article or review article and not from newspaper articles or textbooks.
2. A statement about the objectives of the scientific investigation/research work.
Materials and Methods
Describe in full sentences and well developed paragraphs how the experiment was conducted so that another scientist can repeat the same experiment.
The author should provide information regarding volume, concentration, mass, growth conditions, temperature, pH, type of microscope, statistical analyses, sampling techniques and if the study was done in the field (nature)-the location where the field study was conducted.
Common lab ware and lab techniques (e.g. aseptic techniques) need not be explained.
In some cases, it may be appropriate to use references to describe methods.
Results
Should only include the data collected and not provide any explanations of said data. A good results section will have:
1. A text which forms the body of the section
2. Visual representation of the results. This includes figures, tables, graphs etc., that will help the reader quickly and accurately comprehend the data.
Discussion
The section where the results are interpreted. May include:
1. A summary of the results in a way that supports conclusions.
2. An explanation as to how the results relate to existing knowledge.
3. Describe inconsistencies in the data. It is better than hiding the anomalous data.
4. Discuss possible sources of error.
5. Describe possible future investigation based on current work.
uinidine It is clear that the elevation of digoxin levels by concurrent quinidine administration results in enhanced electro physiologic effects demon started on the surface electrocardiogram as a prolongation of the PR interval , by central nervous system manifestation s of toxicity such as anorexia , nausea and vomiting also by enhanced ventricular ectopic activity . The elevated serum digoxin levels induced by concurrent administration of digoxin and quinidine have been reported not to show an enhanced inotropic effect as measured by systolic time intervals . Clinical evidence indicates that there are increased electro physiologic and inotropic effects associated with the elevation of serum digoxin as a result of concurrent quinidine administration . In 1978, Ejvinsson reported that the concurrent administration of quinidine to 12 patients increased average serum digoxin concentrations from 0.9 to 1.6 ng/ml. Decisive evidence for a decrease in the nonretail excretion of digoxin under the influence of quinidine was established by comparing the kinetics of digoxin in anuric patients on chronic hemodialysis when given digoxin alone and concomitantly with quinidine . However, in patients with a glomerular filtration rate of less than 50 ml/rnin , the time required for digoxin to reach a new steady state with the addition of quinidine may be considerably longer. , however, measured inotropic effects of digoxin at steady state during digoxin administration alone and during digoxin and quinidine administration . Since glornerular filtration rate is unchanged during concurrent digoxin quinidine administration, it is clear that the decreased renal elimination of digoxin in human beings results from a quinidine- induced decrease in tubular secretion of digoxin . If the dose of quinidine is increased, one can anticipate a further increase in serum digoxin levels. They then gave sufficient digoxin to achieve a serum digoxin concentration similar to that obtained when digoxin and quinidine were given concomitantly.