Humanistic and Existential Perspectives

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Contrast the Humanistic and Existential perspectives as they pertain to the concept of personality. Which philosophical assumptions were most important to Rogers?

Using the Existential framework, how do times of change and crisis lead us to reconsider our values?

Sample Solution

The Humanistic and Existential perspectives offer distinct views on personality, each rooted in different philosophical assumptions.

Humanistic Perspective

  • Core Assumptions: Humanistic psychology emphasizes the inherent goodness of individuals and their potential for personal growth. It focuses on subjective experiences, self-actualization, and the importance of a supportive environment for fostering positive development.
  • Personality: Humanistic psychologists view personality as a unique and dynamic process shaped by individual experiences, choices, and self-awareness. They emphasize the importance of free will and personal responsibility in shaping one’s life.

Existential Perspective

  • Core Assumptions: Existential psychology highlights the human experience of existence, meaning, and choice. It emphasizes the inevitability of death, anxiety, and the need to find purpose in life.
  • Personality: Existentialists view personality as a product of individual choices and responses to the challenges and uncertainties of life. They emphasize the importance of self-awareness, authenticity, and finding meaning in one’s existence.

Comparison

While both perspectives emphasize the importance of individual experience and personal growth, they differ in their underlying assumptions and focus. Humanistic psychology is more optimistic, emphasizing the potential for positive development and the role of supportive relationships. Existential psychology is more grounded in the realities of human existence, acknowledging the challenges and anxieties of life.

Rogers’ Philosophical Assumptions

Carl Rogers, a prominent humanistic psychologist, emphasized the following philosophical assumptions:

  • Actualizing Tendency: All individuals have an inherent tendency toward self-actualization, or the desire to fulfill their full potential.
  • Fully Functioning Person: A fully functioning person is one who is open to experience, lives in the present moment, and trusts their own intuition.
  • Unconditional Positive Regard: A supportive and accepting environment is essential for personal growth and development.

Existentialism and Times of Change and Crisis

Existentialism highlights the role of change and crisis in shaping our understanding of ourselves and our place in the world. When faced with significant life events such as loss, illness, or major transitions, individuals may be forced to re-evaluate their values and priorities. These experiences can lead to a deeper understanding of oneself and a renewed sense of purpose.

In conclusion, both the Humanistic and Existential perspectives offer valuable insights into the nature of personality and the human experience. While they differ in their underlying assumptions, both perspectives emphasize the importance of individual choice, self-awareness, and personal growth.

 

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