Hypothesis testing is used in business to test assumptions and theories. These assumptions are tested against evidence provided by actual, observed data. A statistical hypothesis is a statement about the value of a population parameter that we are interested in. Hypothesis testing is a process followed to arrive at a decision between 2 competing, mutually exclusive, collective exhaustive statements about the parameter’s value.
Consider the following scenario: An industrial seller of grass seeds packages its product in 50-pound bags. A customer has recently filed a complained alleging that the bags are underfilled. A production manager randomly samples a batch and measures the following weights:
Weight, (lbs)
45.6 49.5
47.7 46.7
47.6 48.8
50.5 48.6
50.2 51.5
46.9 50.2
47.8 49.9
49.3 49.8
53.1 49.3
49.5 50.1
To determine whether the bags are indeed being underfilled by the machinery, the manager must conduct a test of mean with a significance level α = 0.05.
In a minimum of 175 words, respond to the following:
State appropriate null (Ho) and alternative (H1) hypotheses.
What is the critical value if we work with a significant level α = 0.05?
What is the decision rule?
Calculate the test statistic.
Are the bags indeed being underfilled?
Should machinery be recalibrated?
(1) What information do we obtain from the null hypothesis? What information do we obtain from the alternate hypothesis?
(2) What do we mean when we refer to the critical value? Explain your answer with regard to the decision rule.
(3) How do you calculate the test statistics with Excel for either the z or t statistic?
The corporate governance requirements adhered to In PayPal Holding Inc. are, we must have a review board, which must designate, assess, manage and control the activities of the organization’s evaluating firm. In addition, every money related exposures must agree to the law and reasonably speak to the organization’s condition, We are lucky to have an able, profoundly drew in and free Board of Directors who considers corporate governance very important. This is to ensure that management is responsible to the Board and that the Board is responsible to investors, it protect shareholders rights and treats all investors fairly, it ensure precise revelation on every single material issue, including the money related circumstance, execution, proprietorship and corporate administration. 2.3 Evaluate the classic and contemporary models used in developing business strategies and plans. As discussed previously, strategic management and planning is more or less the foundation of a company performance and progress. In developing strategies and plans, we must put to consideration the long term goals, dissecting the most vital issues that the plans needs to address, prioritizing, organizing and analysing feedback after implementation. There are plethora of classic and contemporary models that are efficient, but every company must choose the model that suits them. For example; in the case of PayPal Holding Inc. these were the models followed in developing our business strategies and plans. Models used in developing business strategies and plans Figure 5 Basic strategic planning model: We identified our purpose, approaches and action plan Issue based strategic planning model: This model involved execution, establishing budget, and carrying out a ‘SWOT Analysis’ (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat) Alignment strategic model: here we adjusted company our mission and resources so that they align Scenario strategic planning model: At this stage we outlined some events that could oc