2. Interview your primary source: To gain information about the culture you are investigating, interview your primary source. Explain how you know your interviewee and what their culture is. Use the questions below to guide you. If the person you are interviewing does not know the answer to the question, you must do research to find the answer. Remember that the person you are interviewing may not understand the terminology we are using in class, so you will have to explain it. Also consider that your interviewee is giving his/her perception of the culture and this perception may not reflect the entire culture.
3. Include these topics. The following topics should be covered in your project in the order listed.
I. Background of Culture. (Use primary and secondary sources for this information. (1-2 paragraphs)
How you know your interviewee and what is their culture?
Talk briefly about the history of the culture.
What major historical events shaped the present? (Go beyond describing the events. Explain how those events influenced the present)
What major events shaped the character and perceptions of the people?
What is the world view orientation of the culture?
II. Cultural Taxonomy.
What are the value patterns of this culture? Explore the culture values of individualism – collectivism, small-large power distance, weak-strong uncertainty avoidance, and masculine-feminine sex roles. Use information from the Hofstede Website* and be sure to include examples from your interviewee for each.
Consider the culture’s additional value orientation patterns including meaning, destiny and time.
*If necessary paste into your browser: https://www.hofstede-insights.com/product/compare-countries/
III. Cultural Identity.
What is your interviewee’s cultural identity salience?
What are his/her social, personal and ethnic identities?
There have been a few disadvantages of integrating ICT into PE lessons concerning pupil progress, but the main concern is that it is challenging for educators to do so due to a selection of reasons. Firstly, a primary concern is the availability and support of technology in schools having an effect on the technology integration efforts made by teachers (Fu, 2013) which is displeasing because with adequate and reliable access to hardware, software and sufficient technical support, teachers can be more productive in planning to enhance pupils’ progression (Chen, 2010). This issue is mainly due to the culture of the school as integrating technology into education for teachers very much depends on the perception and vision of the school rather than the teacher (Plomp et al, 2007) implying that educators do not get support. The majority of PE departments report a lack of training in; using ICT, dealing with technical problems and the challenges that arise which obligates many teachers to take a more traditional approach of verbal explanations and demonstrations (Legrain et al, .2015). Furthermore, educators perceive that they are unable to integrate technology into their teaching due to funding so do not consider the idea (Eberline and Richards, 2013). It also confines teachers from applying ICT into their education due to the lack of training, comfort levels, availability of equipment and time constraints resulting in technology not becoming a commonplace in PE (Martin, 2003 cited in Gibbone et al, 2010).
Additionally, teachers have evaded the idea due to an absence of motivation, the pressure to advance test results (Liu and Szabo, 2009) and inadequate knowledge of how to integrate ICT into the curriculum (Honan, 2008). This ‘inadequate knowledge’ displays that students are not always getting the full benefits of ICT in education even though it has been recognised to influence students learning (Finkenberg et al, 2005) and affect the development and progression of students regarding their holistic growth. The iPad can act as a facilitator towards developing the different domains if integrated correctly, if not then the central area being affected can be the Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning within the (SEAL) programme. The SEAL Programme advocates that for schools that want to engage fully in the application of plans designed to promote and develop social and emotional learning, they recommend that resources and time are made accessible to the staff to permit them to do so (DfE, 2010). The application of the SEAL programme would then be reliant on the culture of the school as the incorporating of technology into education depends on the perception and vision of the school rather than the teacher (Plomp et al, 2007). The students’ progress will be impacted as it is down to the availability and support of technology in schools have an effect on the technology integration efforts made by teachers (Fu, 2013) which is a drawback as if teachers are provided with adequate and reliable access to hardware/software and sufficient technical support, they can be more productive (Chen, 2010).