LAB REPORT; Muscle Contraction Studies

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I. Muscle Contraction Studies
https://4cd.zoom.us/rec/play/u8YuIeyvr2o3HoLD5QSDAKN-W9W4KKys2nUeqKIFmhnnUnQFO1GjMLNDNOXAmtK1ZHWfDVzPw5gxmOXn
(Lab starts at 1:21:39)

1. Is tetany a normal reaction in skeletal muscle given a high frequency stimulus with adequate strength. Explain why this happens.

2. How does the optimal length determination help us better strategize strength training of muscles? How would you use this information to advise someone who intends to lift weights to develop muscle strength?

3. How do force and velocity relate to each other? Use your graph sketch to answer this question.

4. What happens to force and velocity relationship if the starting length of the muscle was reduced?

II. Basic Electrocardiogram
https://4cd.zoom.us/rec/play/7sV8IbqqqDw3GIHB4gSDAf56W460L6ms1yUaq6FbnRy9UHgANFfwMrYRNuNTSvMd6Qx_ucIjxtKspx-Z
(Lab starts at 1:00:00)

1. What does the term bipolar lead mean with regards to ECG?

2. Why is a ventricular axis deviation of -60 degrees considered left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and +140 degrees right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)?

3. What would happen to the QRS if there were a bundle branch block?

4. What are the complications of frequent PVCs?

5. TEST YOURSELF:
Using the ECG tracings below, assess what each tracing is demonstrating and come up with a clinical assessment as to the rhythm of the cardiac cycle and what that could mean in terms of the cardiac hemodynamics

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III. Spirometry
https://4cd.zoom.us/rec/play/tJJ4Iu_5r2k3G9KRuASDBPV7W47se_ms1CYXrPNfnRmxAnQLM1qgMORBauUp0t2a5vv9Frjijm5Etwuz
(Lab started at 1:36:38)

What does the % TVC measurements imply? What does it mean if the 2nd and 3rd second values are very low given normally functional equipment and correct procedure?

 

IV. Blood Studies
https://4cd.zoom.us/rec/play/v8ErIrqo_DM3GdKc4QSDBKN4W9S-Jvisg3RI-KEEyx29V3JRMFeiY7ERYeHE0QivJwe3PCJ4sI8kM9th?startTime=1594660075000&_x_zm_rtaid=_bTdWhIPQ0SjgIj52ieisA.1594746768488.d059e753e34b618d2d90bacda37f9d11&_x_zm_rhtaid=39
(Lab started at 1:45:05)

1. How would you describe a typical RBC shape?

2. What is role of the RBC shape in gas transport?

3. What is the implication of high neutrophils and lymphocyte counts?

4. What is the implication of a greater than normal presence of juvenile neutrophils?

5. What is the implication of a greater than normal basophils? eosinophils?

V. RBC Count
1. What is the implication of a low hematocrit?

2. What is the implication of a high hematocrit?

3. What is the implication of a low or high MCV?

4. What is the implication of a low MCH?

VI. General Nerve Testing
1. Why does a Jendrassik improve the strength of a reflex?

2. Why is a brisk reflex i.e. +4/4 considered abnormal?

3. Why does a person with an Upper Motor Neuron lesion demonstrate a brisk reflex?

4. Why is assessment of vibratory sense important?

5. Was two point discrimination better on a finger tip or the back and/or back of neck area? How would you explain your empirical results?

VII. Cranial Nerve Testing
1. What are the implications in real life for anosmia (no sense of smell)?

2. Give a reason for eyes held in pinpoint miosis that are not reactive to light

3. Give a reason for eyes to be held in mydriasis that is not responsive to light.

4. What would be the nerve affected in a Herpes Simplex viral infection of the face? What would be the clinical signs and symptoms?

5. What cranial nerve is being affected in Trigeminal neuralgia? What would it its clinical signs?

6. What would be the nerve(s) affected in Ramsey-Hunt syndrome? What would be its clinical signs?

7. What issues can a palsy of the glossopharyngeal nerve create?

8. What issues can a hypoglossal nerve palsy create?

9. What issues can a vagus nerve palsy create?

VIII. Cerebral Testing
1. What was the basic concept on which the Stroop test is based?

2. What do the results of the Stroop test mean to you?

3. What do the results of Cerebral Preference Test mean for you?

4. Do you agree with the assessment or disagree? State at least one reason for either situation.

5. How would you use this information to “improve” your performance to say, do better for an exam in any given subject?

 

 

 

 

Sample Solution

Can feminism be viewed as a viable school of thought that can be relied upon? What can be considered as a main obstacle in giving feminism a greater force is masculinity. The subject of feminism is about women and appears to concern itself with the political, social and cultural experiences of women. Where do we fit the male in this debate, masculinity therefore, is a hindrance to feminism. As long as we associate masculinity or femininity with history and culture it cannot be deemed worthy or relevant as a practice or attitude for feminist use. The position of women is regressing. Perhaps not legislatively, but socially. The reasons for which does not include men. It was not men who ‘voluntarily stampeded towards the creeping tyranny of needless plastic surgery and a pathological obsession with grooming.’ In her book, Enlightened Sexism: The Seductive Message that Feminism’s Work is Done, Susan B. Douglas explains that ‘The dumb blond, narcissistic ‘real housewives,’ cat-fighting, wedding obsessed, baby-obsessed stereotypes in the media mask and justify this inequality, as does the relentless blitzkrieg against women with power by the pit bulls of talk radio and cable TV news.’ So the question arises, is feminism dead? Is this a postfeminist era? In her book, ‘The Future of Feminism’, Sylvia Walby disagrees with this notion. She substantiates her stance with evidence of contemporary feminism. She rightfully suggests that feminist projects are not always labelled as feminist. The book illustrates the future of feminism as a global wave, on this future depends the future of gender inequality and social inequality in general. Conclusion ‘Feminism is hated, because women are hated. Anti-feminism is a direct expression of misogyny; it is the political defence of women hating.’ Perhaps it is the extent of Andrea Dworkin’s statement suggests that leads one to believe that this was only applicable in the past and has no relevance to the present. However, as long as there exists a group of people who think it shameful to be called a feminist, this quote will seem to be true. In this essay, we have seen how the legal system has contributed to the prevalent gender inequality and how it remains androcentric to this day. We might not see the day that the entire legal system can be called a feminist system, however th

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