Marketing department develops a short television commercial
A major university would like to improve its tarnished image following a large on-campus scandal. Its marketing department develops a short television commercial and tests it on a sample of n = 10, the first ten students who entered a housing commons area who agreed to participate. Attitudes about the university are measured with a short questionnaire, both before and after viewing the commercial. Attitudes were on a scale of 0 – 20, which higher numbers reflecting better attitudes. Use the provided data to examine whether the commercial improved the university’s image. The data are as follows:
Person X1 (before) X2 (after)
A 15 15
B 11 13
C 10 18
D 11 12
E 14 16
F 10 10
G 11 19
H 10 20
I 12 13
J 15 18
1. In this specific scenario, what is the independent variable? Is it between or within subjects? How many levels does it have, and what are they?
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2. In this specific scenario, what is the dependent variable? What is its scale of measurement (nominal, ordinal, or scale)?
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3. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below:
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4. Create an appropriate graph in SPSS and paste it in the space provided below:
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5. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical notation as shown in the weekly presentations. The write-up also needs interpretation. If significant, state how. If it is not significant, what does that mean in layman’s terms? Additional examples of APA results sections are also available in the “Helpful Hints” document.
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6. Do you think this experiment has more internal validity or external validity? Explain your answer. (You may want to review chapters 9-10 in your Jackson e-book).
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- The independent variable in this scenario is the television commercial. It is a between-subjects variable because each participant is only exposed to one level of the variable (either the commercial or not). The independent variable has two levels: viewing the commercial and not viewing the commercial.
- The dependent variable in this scenario is attitudes about the university. It is a scale variable because it can be measured on a continuum from 0 to 20.
- The relevant statistical output is as follows:
- The appropriate graph to create in SPSS is a paired t-test. The following graph shows the results of the paired t-test:
- The results of the statistical test can be presented in APA format as follows:
- This experiment has more internal validity than external validity. Internal validity refers to the extent to which the results of the experiment can be attributed to the independent variable. External validity refers to the extent to which the results of the experiment can be generalized to other people and settings.