Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Quoting.
Tasks:
After reading Finding Your Way In: Invention as Inquiry Based Learning in First Year Writing [PDF], choose one
paragraph from the text and complete the following:
Task 1: Correctly Quoting a Source
For your first entry, copy-and-paste an entire paragraph from the text.
Then, return to the beginning of the quote and introduce it. Simple introductions, such as "X writes," are
acceptable. (Review steps 1 & 2 in the Documenting with MLA: Overview powerpoint.)
If the paragraph is more than four typed lines, format it appropriately as a block/long quote (check this link for
help). Also, place the correct parenthetical citation after the block quote (review Introducing and Citing Quotes
Using MLA for assistance).
Task 2: Summarizing the Source
Below your second entry, write one or two sentences summarizing the quoted paragraph. Limit your summary
specifically to only that section of text (review sample provided in Summaries and Paraphrases: Examples).
Summaries tend to be general, but use your own words, not the source's language.
Task 3: Paraphrasing the Source
For your final entry, write a complete well-developed paragraph of 5-7 sentences paraphrasing the quoted
paragraph at the beginning of Task 1 (review paraphrased passages in Summaries and Paraphrases:
Examples). Make sure to include parenthetical citations and/or mention the authors' names in the sentence in
order to provide the authors with credit for their ideas (note that this action also prevents plagiarism). Again,
use your own words, and not the source's language.
Sample Solution
Although costs have increased, the development of new drugs has seen a decline since the 1990s (True cost). The process of pharmaceutical development is long, costly, and uncertain. According to the Food and Drug Administration, the average cost of developing a new drug is $2.6 billion dollars (FDA). Approximately 50% of developed medications reach screening while a low 5% of medications are approved (FDA). With these risks, pharmaceutical companies have fixated on the promotion of their current drugs as opposed to the release of new medications.
However, pharmaceutical companies have long justified their pricing by defensively arguing that revenue goes towards the research and development of new medication. In a six year review (2011-2017) of thirteen of the large pharmaceutical companies, 17% of total revenue was spent on research and development with a staggering 60% spent on the marketing of their current products (True). Over the years, pharmaceutical companies have been able to allocate their profits towards their gains. After all, the pharmaceutical industry is a lucrative business that have thrived under the laxity of regulations and have figured out ways to further increase profit margins. As these problems have become more apparent, bills such as California’s drug transparency bill of 2017 have been enacted. This bill mandates these companies to provide 60 day warnings of greater than or equal to 16% price increases (Upenn). Although the idea behind this bill is a step towards better regulations, it has yet to be adapted on a national level.
As mentioned previously, the Food and Drug Administration is the sector that awards m