Pay attention to the authors and their approaches.

INSTRUCTIONS:
The reports must be based on the readings you have done. They should outline what you have read and demonstrate that you have engaged the readings and thought about them. You can include interesting observations, mention anything new you learned, mention anything you found controversial. You can also compare one or more readings to one another or even to relevant topics/themes from other courses you have taken or books you have read. Pay attention to the authors and their approaches. Are they biased? Why do you think they present their ideas the way they do? What is their objective? You can also bring up a question if you found something unclear or confusing. You should demonstrate critical thinking and analysis in your reports..
The report should NOT be a SUMMARY of the readings!

READINGS:

Primary Sources:

▪ Excerpts from: Nizām al-Mulk, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Isḥāḳ al-Ṭūsī. The book of government; or, Rules for kings: the Siyāsatnāma or Siyar al-mulūk translated from the Persian by Hubert Darke. London, Routledge & Paul, 1960. Pages: 103-117. (COULD NOT FIND)

▪ Excerpts from: al-Ṭabarī. The History of al-Ṭabarī = Taʼrīkh al-Rusul wa’l Mulūk. 40 vols. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985-?. Vol. 31 Pages: 114-118. (COULD NOT FIND)

Secondary Sources:

▪ Kennedy, The Armies of the Caliphs: Chapter 5. (COULD NOT FIND)

▪ David Ayalon. “The Military Reforms of Caliph al-Mu’ṭaṣim: Their Background and Consequences.” First Published in Islam and the Abode of War: Military Slaves and Islamic Adversaries. London: Variorum Reprints, 1994. (ATTACHED)

▪ Jere L Bacharach. “African Military Slaves in the Medieval Middle East: The Cases of Iraq (869-955) and Egypt (868-1171).” International Journal of Middle East Studies 13, 4 (Nov., 1981). (COULD NOT FIND)

▪ Irwin, Robert. The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate, 1250-1382. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1986. Pages 1-25. (ATTACHED)

Also you don’t have to cite anything in the response, neither do you have to make a citations page.

Sample Solution

expertise of design projects. Designers want to mention critical thinking. The author Eidson, Patricia L, an outstanding scholar in the field of interior design and architectural design, mentioned in his article that critical thinking is a dualistic concept that couples modes of designing with certain theories of criticism. Theoretical and historical ideas that influenced changes in interior design and architecture are presented in a timeline context to illustrate the aspects of evaluating, interpreting and describing, which are parts of interior design criticism
(Eidson,1986). Based on the theory of critical thinking, people can use the necessary critical theory and critical review to better judge and plan interior design projects and combine social theory with design theory. Design theory provides the language and the connections necessary to link knowledge and ideas about design concepts with the practice of designing. For example, consist of four elements: concept, form, task, and technology enables designers to build models of these knowledge understandings and evaluate and judge the value of design interior design. For example, the interior design project of the Shenao Village in Tonglu County, supported by the critical regionalism theory, combined with the actual problems and needs of the project base, proposed an innovative design theme combining paper-cut culture, architectural culture and farming culture.
Over the past few decades, anthropologists have increasingly joined the study of the social environment and architectural design, as well as human-related behaviors and interactions between social scientists and the environment (Lawrence, Low, 1990). At the same time, recent social theories have begun to refocus on human spatial and temporal dimension behavior. The article the built environment and spatial form point out that the built environment is an abstract concept employed here and in so

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