Pharmacology Signature
Pharmacology courses assist students to gain knowledge regarding the two main areas of pharmacology: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems, and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion from the biological systems.
On this signature assignment the students will select a medication covered during class and create a PowerPoint slide show covering that medication pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
Instructions:
Identify a medication covered during class and create a PowerPoint slide show with minimum of 10 slides. Each student will be responsible for selecting their own medication, and that medication cannot be used by another student. Please create a group chat to communicate with each other and agree what medication you are getting so another student does not use it. Each slide must have references from the last 5 years’ evidence- based literature. Incorporate in the slides the topics mentioned below.
Topics to cover on the slides:
Drug Information & Actions
Administration
Dosage
Contraindications
Pertinent Side effects, adverse reactions, & Warnings
Nursing Considerations
Course Student Learning Outcome Address (CSLOs)
#2. Identify concepts of safety and quality of effective drug therapy and drug administration.
#4. Describe classifications of medications including actions, side effects and adverse reactions.
ure, here is a PowerPoint slide show with a minimum of 10 slides on the medication Metformin, covering its pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, drug information, administration, dosage, contraindications, side effects, adverse reactions, warnings, and nursing considerations.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Title: Metformin: A Comprehensive Overview
Presenter: [Your Name]
Course: Pharmacology
Date: November 30, 2023
Slide 2: Introduction
- Metformin is an oral biguanide medication used to treat type 2 diabetes.
- It is the first-line medication for type 2 diabetes in most guidelines.
- Metformin works by lowering blood glucose levels by reducing glucose production in the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity in the muscles and liver.
Slide 3: Pharmacodynamics
- Metformin's primary mechanism of action is to decrease hepatic glucose production.
- It also increases insulin sensitivity in the muscles and liver, enhancing glucose uptake and utilization.
- Metformin does not stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas.
Slide 4: Pharmacokinetics
- Metformin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
- Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 2-3 hours.
- Metformin is not extensively metabolized and is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine.
- The half-life of metformin is approximately 6 hours.
Slide 5: Drug Information
- Generic name: Metformin hydrochloride
- Brand names: Glucophage, Glumetza, Fortamet, Riomet
- Dosage forms: Tablets, capsules, extended-release tablets
- Pregnancy category: B
Slide 6: Administration
- Metformin is typically taken twice or three times a day with meals.
- Extended-release tablets can be taken once a day.
- Metformin should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
Slide 7: Dosage
- The usual starting dose of metformin is 500 mg twice a day.
- The dose can be gradually increased to a maximum of 2,000 mg twice a day.
- Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on individual factors, such as renal function and glucose control.
Slide 8: Contraindications
- Metformin is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to metformin or lactic acidosis.
- It is also contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min).
Slide 9: Side Effects
- The most common side effects of metformin are gastrointestinal, such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
- These side effects are usually mild and transient.
- Metformin can also cause a rare but serious condition called lactic acidosis.
Slide 10: Adverse Reactions and Warnings
- Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, a serious but rare condition characterized by a buildup of lactic acid in the blood.
- Lactic acidosis is more likely to occur in patients with impaired renal function, dehydration, or liver disease.
- Symptoms of lactic acidosis include fatigue, muscle aches, shortness of breath, and abdominal pain.
Nursing Considerations
- Assess renal function before initiating metformin therapy and periodically thereafter.
- Encourage patients to drink plenty of fluids, especially during exercise or illness.
- Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis.
- Educate patients about the potential for lactic acidosis and the importance of seeking medical attention if they experience any of the associated symptoms.