ves of managers are focusing on managing staff within an organization effectively to do so by ensuring quality and profitability. Manager is centered on achieving set objectives, the role of leader is to create the system that the manger functions within. Leadership is about vision and innovation, whereas management is about maintenance of excellent standards.
Henri Fayol (1841-1925) was one of the most influential contributors to modern concepts of management” he considers six functions to understand management concept (Forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling). According to Fredmund Malik defines it as “the transformation of resources into utility”. Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933) allegedly defined management as “the art of getting things done through people” she describes management as philosophy. Peter Drucker (1909-2005) saw the basic task of management as twofold: marketing and innovation. Management is an academic discipline, a social science whose objective is to study social organization and organizational leadership. It is administration of an organization where it be a business. It includes activities of setting the strategy of an organization.
Some studies adopted the classification of administration schools such as (1. Traditional school 2. Human relations school, 3. Behavior school) follow these theories to analyses and demonstrate this concept.
Organizational Change
Organizational change is the movement of an organization away from is present state and toward some desired future state to increase its effectiveness (Fullan,2010;Hargreaves,2011;Marzano & Waters,2010).
The increased pace of change that many of us have encountered over the past ten years has been dramatic. During the late 1980s, many of us were grappling with issues that we had never encountered. The accelerated use of leverages as means of increasing shareholder wealth left the balance sheet of some of America’s finest organizations in disarray. Many of largest customers, that for years represented minimal risk and required a minimum amount of time to manage, consumed most of our energy. By the end of 1993, many of these organizations had either resolved their financial troubles in bankruptcy court or no longer existed.
