Promoting Healthy Communities
Evaluate the community’s level of preparedness by interviewing first responders. In Part 2, you wil
assess individuals’ level of preparedness for emergency situations in your chosen family or agency; you will teach individuals, families, and/or community members how to prepare for a variety of disasters common to your community; and you will help individuals and families put together an emergency go bag in the event they need to evacuate in an emergency. A go bag typically includes useful items for an emergency, such as drinking water and non-perishable foods, personal hygiene items, flashlight and extra batteries, and a first aid kit.
Part 1: The Professional Nurse’s Role in Disaster Response
Healthcare workers play a significant part in disaster planning and emergency preparedness.
Analyze disaster response and emergency preparedness in the community by:
• Researching the local community emergency management plan
• Interviewing one or more first responders about whether they think the community is prepared for a disaster and why
Based on your research and interview(s), identify nursing roles and responsibilities and consider the interprofessional roles (e.g., first responders, local hospitals, county public health departments) during each phase of emergency management.
The phases of emergency management are:
• Prevention
• Preparedness and Planning
• Response
• Recovery
Create a teaching tool for the community in which you describe:
• How to plan an emergency kit or go bag
• How to practice your evacuation plan
• How members of a family or household should communicate with each other
• How to respond to natural disasters, such as a fire, flood, or earthquake
• How to respond in a mass casualty situation, such as a major car accident or active shooter incident
Summarize your findings in a 10- to 12-slide PowerPoint presentation with speaker notes in which you:
• Describe nurses’ roles in each phase of the community disaster plan.
• Describe how nurses collaborate with other professionals during each phase of the community disaster plan.
• Provide responses to your interview(s) with one or more first responders about whether they think the community is prepared for a disaster and why.
Sample Solution
Researching the Local Community Emergency Management Plan
Before conducting interviews with first responders, it's crucial to familiarize oneself with the local community's emergency management plan. This plan should outline the roles and responsibilities of various agencies, including healthcare providers, during a disaster.
Key areas to research in the plan include:
- Evacuation plans: How will the community be evacuated in case of a disaster?
- Communication systems: What communication channels will be used to disseminate information and coordinate response efforts?
- Medical response: How will medical resources be mobilized and allocated?
- Shelter and housing: Where will displaced individuals be housed and provided with essential services?
- Disaster recovery: How will the community rebuild and recover after a disaster?
Interviewing First Responders
When interviewing first responders, consider asking the following questions:
- Community Preparedness:
- How well-prepared do you think the community is for a major disaster?
- Are there specific areas where the community could improve its preparedness?
- Challenges and Opportunities:
- What are the biggest challenges in responding to disasters in this community?
- What opportunities exist to enhance disaster response capabilities?
- Role of Healthcare Professionals:
- How important is the role of healthcare professionals in disaster response?
- What specific skills and knowledge do healthcare professionals need to be effective in disaster situations?
Nursing Roles and Responsibilities in Disaster Response
Prevention:
- Promote public health education and awareness.
- Participate in community health assessments to identify vulnerabilities.
- Advocate for policies that support disaster preparedness and mitigation.
Preparedness and Planning:
- Develop and implement emergency response plans.
- Participate in disaster drills and exercises.
- Stockpile essential medical supplies and equipment.
- Train staff in disaster response protocols.
Response:
- Triage and assess patients' needs.
- Provide immediate medical care and stabilization.
- Coordinate with other healthcare providers and first responders.
- Manage mass casualty incidents.
- Provide psychological first aid and support services.
Recovery:
- Assist in the transition from emergency response to long-term recovery.
- Provide ongoing medical care and support to survivors.
- Participate in mental health counseling and support services.
- Help rebuild healthcare infrastructure and services.
Interprofessional Collaboration
Effective disaster response requires collaboration among various healthcare professionals and first responders. Nurses should work closely with:
- Physicians: To provide medical expertise and leadership.
- Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs): To transport patients and provide initial medical care.
- Public Health Officials: To coordinate public health efforts and prevent disease outbreaks.
- Social Workers: To address the psychosocial needs of survivors.
- Law Enforcement: To maintain order and security during a disaster.
Creating a Teaching Tool: A Guide to Emergency Preparedness
1. Emergency Kit or Go Bag:
- Essential items: water, non-perishable food, first-aid kit, medications, important documents, flashlight, batteries, etc.
- Tips for packing and maintaining the kit.
2. Evacuation Plan:
- Identify multiple escape routes from your home.
- Establish a designated meeting place for family members.
- Practice evacuation drills regularly.
3. Family Communication Plan:
- Create a contact list of important phone numbers.
- Establish a communication plan for family members to check in after a disaster.
4. Responding to Natural Disasters:
- Fire: Evacuate immediately, close doors behind you, and call 911.
- Flood: Move to higher ground, avoid floodwaters, and be aware of potential hazards.
- Earthquake: Drop, cover, and hold on.
5. Responding to Mass Casualty Incidents:
- Follow instructions from authorities.
- Stay calm and avoid panic.
- If possible, help others who are injured.
- Be prepared to evacuate if necessary.
By understanding the roles and responsibilities of nurses in disaster response and by educating the community about emergency preparedness, healthcare professionals can play a vital role in saving lives and mitigating the impact of disasters.