PTSD – published by the Veterans Administration
1) What percent of people who experience trauma will develop PTSD in their lifetime?
2) Name five types of serious traumatic events that can cause PTSD:
3) Is choosing to view traumatic things on TV categorized as a ‘traumatic event’?
4) What are the 4 Symptoms that someone must have to be diagnosed with PTSD according to the DSM V:
5) What was one of the examples that SPC Rob Tucker (US Army) gave of experiencing a common event in the US that mirrored something that had happened in combat and contributed to PTSD?
6) What did Craig Shipley (US Marine Corps) share about feelings of trust?
7) CPT Sarah Humphries (US Army) shared what reaction to her son’s (near) bicycle accident?
8) Dr. Ron Acierno talked about the ways that you “know you’re ready for treatment”. Name two ways he indicated:
Sample Solution
stakeholder groups, and the general public by characterizing it as having a low level of external control (Romzek and Dubnick, 1987).
Koppell (2005) developed an alternative typology of accountability by mentioning Romzek’s classification for treating different levels of political accountabilities as the same concept. He contended that Romzek’s notion of “political accountability” conflates an upward responsiveness to entities that have formal authority (such as Congress) a
nd organizations that have influence outwardly but no formal authority (such as interest groups) (Koppell, 2005). Koppell (2005: 98) suggested responsiveness as one aspect of three substantive dimensions of accountability that turns political accountability “outward rather than upward.” In other words, his term “outward” accountability emphasizes direct expressions of the needs and desires of key constituents (e.g., advisory councils with representation of key constituent groups) over the will expressed moving up through the elected representatives. Similarly, numerous other scholars point out the need for a new form of ‘horizontal accountability,’ which has been labeled “downward accountability, citizen accountability, or societal accountability” (Schillemans, 2008: 179). Bovens (2007: 16) also claimed that “for more direct and explicit accountability relations between public agencies … more attention is beingpaid to the role of NGOs, interest groups and customers or clients as relevant stakeholders.”
Inclusiveness
While responsiveness depends on the ‘depth’ of involvement of stakeholders, inclusiveness refers to the ‘breadth’ of public involvement. The question of inclusion is probably the most fundamental of question of accountability: ‘who should constitute an account’ and ‘whom does the public administrator represent.’ In a web of ‘360-degree’ accountability, public administrators are subject to the multiple constituents they serve, but ultimately they should promote a general level of inclusiveness—being accountable to the general public.
However, in the last two decades, new theories of democracy have chal