The discussion of alternative and complementary medicine (CAM) often involves a distinction between “complementary” and “alternative.” Complementary medicine is used alongside conventional medical treatments to help manage symptoms, improve well-being, or mitigate side effects. Alternative medicine is used instead of conventional medical treatments. This distinction is crucial, as the safety and effectiveness profiles differ significantly.

Safety and Effectiveness of Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Specific Illnesses

It’s important to note that for most CAM therapies, the level of scientific evidence regarding efficacy and safety is significantly lower than for conventional pharmaceutical agents. Trials tend to be smaller, of shorter duration, and concerns remain about standardization, purity, and potential contamination of products.

Cancer

• Effectiveness: No complementary health approach has been shown to prevent or cure cancer. Alternative therapies used instead of conventional cancer treatment (like chemotherapy, radiation, surgery) are generally not recommended by medical professionals due to lack of evidence and the risk of delaying effective treatment, which can significantly reduce the chances of remission or cure.
• Safety:
  • Mind-body practices (e.g., acupuncture, mindfulness, yoga, tai chi, qigong): Generally considered safe when used appropriately, especially for managing symptoms like pain, fatigue, nausea, anxiety, and sleep problems. However, special precautions may be needed for cancer patients (e.g., acupuncture is not safe for those on blood thinners or with low blood counts).
  • Herbal supplements and substances: Studies are in early stages and scientific evidence is limited. They may have side effects and can interact harmfully with conventional cancer treatments (e.g., making chemotherapy less effective). Some fraudulent “cures” marketed online are dangerous.
  • Intravenous Vitamin C: Research in humans is limited and results vary, with most evidence from animal and laboratory studies.
  • Vitamin E and Beta-carotene supplements: Not shown to prevent cancer; beta-carotene can be harmful to smokers.
• Key takeaway: Complementary therapies can be valuable for symptom management and improving quality of life alongside conventional cancer care, but alternative therapies for curing cancer are dangerous and unproven. Patients should always discuss any CAM use with their healthcare provider to avoid harmful interactions or delays in effective treatment.