Smart Parking Space app

Scenario: A city’s administration isn’t driven by the goal of maximizing revenues or profits but instead looks at improving the quality of life of its residents. Many American cities are confronted with high traffic and congestion. Finding parking spaces, whether in the street or a parking lot, can be time consuming and contribute to congestion. Some cities have rolled out data-driven parking space management to reduce congestion and make traffic more fluid.

You’re a data analyst working for a mid-size city that has anticipated significant increments in population and car traffic. The city is evaluating whether it makes sense to invest in infrastructure to count and report the number of parking spaces available at the different parking lots downtown. This data would be collected and processed in real-time, feeding an app that motorists can access to find parking space availability in different parking lots throughout the city.

Instructions: Work with the provided Excel database. This database has the following columns:

LotCode: A unique code that identifies the parking lot
LotCapacity: A number with the respective parking lot capacity
LotOccupancy: A number with the current number of cars in the parking lot
TimeStamp: A day indicating the moment when occupancy was measured
Day: The day of the week corresponding to the TimeStamp
Insert a new column, OccupancyRate, recording occupancy rate as a percentage with one decimal. For instance, if the current LotOccupancy is 61 and LotCapacity is 577, then the OccupancyRate would be reported as 10.6 (or 10.6%).
Using the OccupancyRate and Day columns, construct box plots for each day of the week. You can use Insert > Insert Statistic Chart >Box and Whisker for this purpose. Is the median occupancy rate approximately the same throughout the week? If not, which days have lower median occupancy rates? Which days have higher median occupancy rates? Is this what you expected?
Using the OccupancyRate and LotCode columns,construct box plots for each parking lot. You can use Insert > Insert Statistic Chart >Box and Whisker for this purpose. Do all parking lots experience approximately equal occupancy rates?Are some parking lots more frequented than others? Is this what you expected?
Select any 2 parking lots. For each one, prepare as scatter plot showing occupancy rate against day of the week, for the week 11/20/2016 –11/26/2016. Are occupancy rates time dependent? If so, which times seem to experience highest occupancy rates? Is this what you expected?
Presentation:

Create a 10- to 12-slide presentation with speaker notes and audio. (If you are unable to engage the audio, you may insert your narration for each slide in the notes section on each slide.) Your audience is the City Council members who are responsible for deciding whether the city invests in resources to set in motion the smart parking space app.

Complete the following in your presentation:

Outline the rationale and goals of the project.
Utilize boxplots showing the occupancy rates for each day of the week. Include your interpretation of results.
Utilize box plots showing the occupancy rates for each parking lot. Include your interpretation of results.
Provide scatter plots showing occupancy rate against time of day of your selected four parking lots. Include your interpretation of results.

Sample Solution

By the 1800s, however, the novel was not only reinforcing accepted morality but, with the birth of the Romantic era, challenging it. Novels such as William Godwin’s ‘The Adventures of Caleb Williams’ (1794) and Mary Shelley’s ‘Frankenstein’ (1818) took open opposition to the Industrial Revolution and upheld the plight of the oppressed peasant in line with Rousseau’s anti-capitalist philosophy, while Hawthorne’s ‘The Scarlet Letter’ (1850) challenged ideas about morality and legalism in a way that prompted The Church Review and Ecclesiastical Register to condemn it as ‘perpetrating bad morals’ (Wineapple, Brenda. Hawthorne: A Life. Random House: New York, 2003). Similarly, the beginning of the Victorian era in 1837 saw the conception of social problem novels like Dickens’ ‘Oliver Twist’ (1838) and Charlotte Brontë’s ‘Shirley’ (1849), which were more nuanced in their exploration of contemporary social issues.

As a result, then, it is clear that the novel as a form has been socially ‘useful’ in addressing moral and societal issues in England since its popular conception. However, with the rise of other forms of media and a shift in public taste, as well as the growth of mass printing and changes in education, there is cause to explore whether, in the late 20th and 21st Century, the novel has ceased to serve this function and does not hold the same level of social influence as it did before. Similarly, there seems to be less emphasis on (and certainly less prevalence of) what can be loosely termed ‘literary fiction’, as opposed to ‘genre fiction’. The difference between these two is difficult to define objectively, but can be attributed to things like an emphasis on style and concepts rather than narrative and characters on the part of literary fiction. Literary fiction is written with an artistic emphasis, using literary techniques like metaphoric language and intertextuality to achieve an effect beyond furthering the narrative. This is not to say that genre fiction cannot have stylistic features, but that there is not an overall artistic emphasis: ‘The Girl on the Train’, a modern example of genre fiction (in this case, a crime thriller) employs some descriptive imagery. This imagery’s purpose, however, is characterisation, and bey

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