From the earliest days of colonial contact, relations between white European settlers and indigenous people in the Americas were plagued by conflict over land and its natural resources. Before becoming president, Andrew Jackson had distinguished himself as a champion of white settlers against indigenous people. By the time Jackson entered the White House, white settlers in George had been complaining for some time about the continued presence of Cherokee and Creek people on the lands they wished to inhabit. In the late 1830s, President Andrew Jackson pursued a policy of Indian Removal (Indian Removal Act), forcing Native Americans living in Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi to trek hundreds of miles to territory in present-day Oklahoma. The Removal Act paved the way for forced expulsion of tens of thousands of American Indians from their land in an event widely known as the “Trail of Tears.”
1. Manila Bus Hostage Crisis
This prisoner emergency occurred on August 23, 2010 at the Quirino Grandstand, Rizal Park in Manila where previous Philippine National Police Senior Inspector Rolando Mendoza which he was expelled of being cop because of certain cases in connection to drugs in 2008 which the Ombudsman found the said cop and four others blameworthy because of unfortunate behavior and requested expulsion from the administration and his advantages particularly in the event that he will resigned from the workplace, it will be relinquished.
Toward the evening on the said date, there was some Hong Kong visitors was liberated, it incorporates and couple which is a senior resident, a lady with two youngsters and a 12-year-old kid and it incorporates a Filipino visit guide and two picture takers. Likewise, the said transport prisoner emergency was communicated live on a few broadcasting company both neighborhood and universal particularly during the primetime reports of the few nearby TV station which carries danger to our tranquility and request particularly to the visitors which where the episode happened is additionally a place of interest and a section likewise of the travel industry belt of the city.
During the live communicate of the said prisoner emergency, we saw the transport driver which he got away from the transport and the experience of the Manila Police District-SWAT Team and the rejected cop which came about to the demise of eight prisoners including Mendoza and others are harmed. This weapon fight went on for 1 hour and 30 minutes.
At the repercussions of the episode, both Philippine and Hong Kong governments directed separate examinations in this occurrence and they reasoned that the Philippine authority including previous Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim, a few cops of the neighborhood police which is the Manila Police District was neglected to deal with the said prisoner emergency which came about to the demise of eight Hong Kong vacationers. 1Due to this episode, the legislature of Hong Kong has given a âblackâ travel alert as a result of the undertaking.
In February 2014, the Hong Kong government began actualizing sanctions on the nation by completion sans visa visits by holders of authentic identification of the Philippine government however common Filipino explorers is excluded from the said assent. In any case, after two months, the Philippines-Hong Kong discretionary ties was standardize when the Hong Kong government has at last acknowledged the conciliatory sentiment of the Philippines when Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada with other government authorities including Secretary of the Cabinet Jose Rene Almendras, Manila third District Councilor Bernie Ang went to Hong Kong to convey a conventional expression of remorse.
2. Regional Disputes on West Philippine Sea
The contested islands inside the West Philippine Sea are the Scarborough Shoal or Panatag Shoal, Bajo de Masinloc and it is found 220 km from the Province of Zambales. Another contested island is the Spratlys Island or South Sand Islands, it is situated close to the Province of Palawan. Both contested islands are both asserted by China and the Philippines because of chronicled reasons. Much the same as on the Scarborough Shoal which as per the Chinese government that this shore is a piece of their domain since 1279 during the Yuan Dynasty. And furthermore for the Philippines, they asserted the said contested reef dependent on our old maps which utilized during the Spanish Colonial Period and it is called âCarta hydrographica y chorographica de las Islas Filipinasâ and as per this guide, it was called Panacot Shoal which is the previous name of the contested shore during that time. Additionally, during the Spanish Era the said shore was utilized as customary angling ground and safe house during severe climate by the Filipino anglers.
On April 8, 2012, the Philippine Navy caught eight terrain Chinese angling vessels in the Scarborough Shoal which those Chinese angling vessels contains live sharks, corals and mammoth mollusks which was seen unlawfully assembled. This episode influences the discretionary relations among China and the Philippines both monetary and political. Since there was a few fights occurred in both Chinese and Philippine Embassies which was taken an interest for the most part by activists gatherings. Likewise, it influences on our national economy particularly in our travel industry which a large portion of the Chinese travel offices dropped their visits in the nation which there will be a declined number of visitor appearances by 9% as indicated by Department of Tourism. There was additionally an angling boycott which was forced by the Chinese government in the said shore from May-August 2012 and didnât perceived by the legislature. What’s more, there was a few episodes of digital assault trades, and stricter guidelines in regards to on the Philippine bananas, pineapples and different natural products.
On January 2014 and April 2015, a Chinese Coast Guard vessel utilized water guns on angling pontoons possessed by the Filipinos and held onto the catch of certain vessels in waters close to the reef and Chinese government expelled reports in regards to the episode yet emphasized their case on the shore and the United States called the activities of the Chinese Coast Guard as âprovocativeâ.
As of late, there was a few hearings which the said issues are currently talked about at the Arbitral Tribunal of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague, Netherlands and the Philippines exhibiting their contentions against China last July 2015 which there was a few oral contentions occurred. 2 According to DFA Secretary Albert del Rosario that the China isn’t qualified for practice dependent on the âhistoric rightsâ over the waters, seabed and subsoil past the points of confinement of its qualifications under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or UNCLOS.
3. Improved Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA)
It is a military understanding between the Philippines and the United States and it was marked on April 28, 2014. The said occasion was agree with the State Visit of United States President Barack Obama which was occurred until the following day. The said military understanding was marked by Secretary of National Defense Voltaire Gazmin and the United States Ambassador of the Philippines Philip Goldberg.
This is the primary military understanding between these two nations since the American soldiers pulled back from the maritime bases in the Philippines in mid 1990s during the organization of Former President Corazon Aquino. This military understanding looks to help the Philippines-United States Security relationship by enabling the United States to put their soldiers and activities on the Philippine region. Furthermore, one of the conditions on the said understanding that the United States isn’t permitted to store or position any atomic weapons on the Philippine domain in agreement in the Article II, Sec. 8 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
A few gatherings particularly the liberal gatherings tested the lawfulness of the said military understanding which they said that the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement is a settlement and not only an official understanding which it needs senate simultaneousness. 3The government said that the military understanding is protected on the grounds that the passage of the United States troops for military practiced and other endorsed exercises is as of now permitted under the Visiting Forces Agreement which it was agreed by the Senate and maintained by the Supreme Court and with full regard for the 1987 Philippine Constitution and different laws of the nation. As of not long ago, there was no decision yet with respect to the military understanding which will be maintained by the countryâs most noteworthy legal body.
4. Bangsamoro Basic Law and Mamasapano Clash
The Bangsamoro Basic Law is a proposed law which set up a proposed new self-governing political element that will supplant the current Autonomous Region on Muslim Mindanao. The said fundamental law will bring everlasting harmony which the greater part of the inhabitants of the ARMM they need to accomplish it since they are now worn out on the few wars in the said locale in the previous years.
It was begun on October 2012 which the starter harmony understanding called Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro was marked between the Moro Islamic Liberation Front or MILF and the Philippine Government which additionally the Prime Minister of Malaysia Najib Razak and different authorities of the MILF and Organization of Islamic Cooperation was available. Additionally on March 2014, a last harmony understanding called the Comprehensive Framework on the Bangsamoro was marked and saw by authorities and individuals from MILF and the Philippine government and by Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak which his nation filled in as the outsider moderator in the harmony talks.
Last January 25, 2015, the Mamasapano Clash was happened in Tukanalipao, Mamasapano, Maguindanao which it is likewise called Oplan Exodus to catch or execute Malaysian psychological oppressor and bomb producer Marwan or Zulkifli Abhdir, Abdu Basit Usman and other Malaysian fear mongers and high positioning authorities of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters or BIFF.
It prompted the death of 44 individuals from the Philippine National Police-Special Action Force individuals, 18 individuals from the MILF, 5 individuals from BIFF and different regular people and furthermore Marwan was murdered which was affirmed by both PNP and the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation. The said conflict made the House of Representatives defer the section of the Bangsamoro Basic Law which adequately jeopardizing the harmony procedure between the Government and the MILF.
5. 2013 Lahad Datu Standoff
The 2013 Lahad Datu Standoff is a military clash began from February 11 to March 24, 2013 which the Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo was sent Jamalul Kiram III to attest the uncertain regional case of the Philippines to Eastern Sabah. This standoff was come about to the passings of 68 individuals which included 2 non military personnel losses.
4This assault brought by Kiram influences its exchange relations particularly in Tawi-Tawi which the majority of their great sources are from Sabah and there was a proposed boycott over the exercises as of in the not so distant future
