Tectonic setting and rock types found on Mount Everest
A.
Summarize what you know about the tectonic setting and rock types found on Mount Everst. The picture in the Topic 3 folder labeled ‘rock collected just below summit of Everest’ was collected by Jim Holliday, a friend of mine. Can you identify the rock and where it originally formed?
B.
Describe a snow avalanche and the causes of the 2014 and 2015 avalanches in the Khumbu Icefall and Basecamp. Do you think avalanches on Everest and other Himalayan peaks will become more frequent? Yes/No and why. Refer to specific sources you read and viewed from the topic notes (not from surfing the web).
C.
What is a GLOF and why are they a hazard for Himalayan villages in Nepal? Do you think the likelihood of GLOFs occurring in this region will be affected by climate change? Identify 3 interesting things you learned from reading the report included in the topic folder.
D. What is a matched photo and how can matched photos be used to observe changes in glaciers?
Compare matched photos for Everest (found on the Glacier Works website) and describe the types of changes you noted (Be specific and name the particular glacier photos you examined). What did you learn from comparing matched photos found on the Glacier Works website? Be as specific as possible.
E. Summarize and highlight 3 things you learned from reading ‘Measuring glacier change in the Himalayas’ and watching video clip about ice coring on Everest.
https://api.nationalgeographic.com/distribution/public/amp/science/2020/06/how-scientists-turned-worlds-highest-mountain-into-climate-laboratory-perpetual
Sample Solution
Simplicity
Tax should be so simple that any tax payer can understand its computation and complications without the help of an expert. It would also reduce the chance of tax evasion as it will not bother the individual to pay tax. A simple tax system is also beneficial for the government due to spending less time and money. A tax system that treats similar economic activities in similar ways for tax purposes will tend to be simpler and avoid discrimination between people and economic activities. However it can sometimes be efficient to discriminate between different activities for tax purposes, such as UK taxes on alcohol and tobacco, and other things that harm others and the environment.
Desirability
A tax should be desirable so that the government may defend itself against public criticism, by supporting its expediency. An unjust tax will always face sharp unwillingness on the part of the tax payers to pay and they will try to evade them, every new tax must have a justification to create a feeling of acceptance. Dalton stated that “in a good tax system, there should be a double illusion that the rich should pay more than what they think they should, so the rich will be contented and the poor become virtuous and in this way, the incentive to work and save will be sustained”.
Issues with UK Tax System
The UK needs to change the separate systems of income tax and National Insurance, with different sets of rules and exemptions, pointlessly increasing administration and compliance costs and making the system less transparent. NI is not a true social insurance scheme anymore; it is just another tax on earnings, which is added to the total revenue. The current tax and benefit system is unnecessarily complicated and convinces many people not to work or to work too little.
Coherence requires first that the income tax system itself be sensibly structured. We need to move away from pointless complexities such as that which any amount between £100,000 a