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visualization of the design space. At the same time, space can also be symbolic. Designers select the appropriate system symbols to display behavioral spaces based on the characteristics of the space, such as cultural differences and behavioral standards. For example, when the first group of immigrants came to the north America, the design style of Protestantism’s church was simple and clever combined by Goth and Roma style due to lack of local resources and diversity of faith.
It is essential to environmental factors for interior design. In the article, prospect-refuge, the author explains that people prefer environments where they can easily survey their surroundings and quickly hide or retreat to safety if necessary. Environments with both prospect and refuge elements are perceived as safe places to explore and dwell and consequently are considered more aesthetic than environments without these elements (W., K., & J.,2010). This article also mentions that the principles, do perception and cognition, are based on the evolutionary history of human beings and that the environment with sufficient prospects and evasiveness increases the probability of survival of humans and early humans (W., K., & J.,2010). These principles show that people prefer the edge rather than the middle space; there is space for the ceiling or the roof; providing unobstructed space; these types of spaces are spaces that provide a sense of security and are concealed. So, people prefer this type of space. For example, in the 20th century, various spa places for women, considering the privacy and security of customers, in order to attract more customers and improve the consumer experience.