The National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO)

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The National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) operates a sprawling campus with over a hundred laboratories and thousands of employees. It also has a number of smaller branch campuses and city offices around the country.

NARO has just appointed a new Chief Information Officer (CIO), Bill Spence, whose responsibilities include the provision of telecommunications facilities for the organisation. On an induction tour of the organisation Bill notices that there are fax machines in every administrative office he visits and most of the laboratories.

“Does anyone actually use this obsolete technology?” he asked his Executive Officer. “I’ve no idea, but certainly not me.” was the reply.

On further inquiry it became clear that, while NARO probably had a few hundred fax machines, and was paying for telephone accounts for them, there was no central list of fax machines and their phone numbers. There was no clear answer to whether they were being used at all.

Bill asked his Executive Officer to “do some kind of survey” to get an idea of whether any staff still had a legitimate need for fax machines. The survey task was delegated to an ANU Intern in the central administration office, Ashley Lee.

Ashley recommended that a carefully selected representative sample of 200 NARO staff be asked a simple question:

“In the last month, have you sent or received a fax using a NARO fax machine?”

Bill approved the survey and asked that the results be reported as a 95% confidence interval estimate of the proportion of all staff who still used fax machines.

NARO had excellent records of staff job responsibilities, locations and contact details, so it was a straightforward but time-consuming process for Ashley to come up with the representative sample of staff.

The survey question was distributed by email over the CIO’s signature, and quickly received 163 responses. Ashley followed up the remaining 37 staff members by email and telephone. After two weeks she was very pleased to report that the survey had a 100% response rate.

However, every one of the 200 respondents said that they had not sent or received a fax in the previous month!

Question 4a
What is the 95% confidence interval estimate of the proportion of staff who used a fax machine in that period? Show your calculations. Use the Agresti-Coull estimate of the standard error for proportions.

Question 4b
What is the population of interest in this case?

Sample Solution

s of the single market. According to EC the net contribution of UK to EU is $7.1bn and as a percentage of the GDP the membership cost including the money which return to UK is 0.4% (Hannan, 2009).

The waste of resources is due to the inefficient agriculture policies between EU and UK. According to the records the EU, despite years of reform paid a high volume of its budget on agriculture in 2013 which was around 43%. If the UK leaves EU, then it will allow UK to make its own agriculture polies on its own terms and conditions and would not be subject to EU policies in future. Although, UK still have to make some amendments in the policies with other countries on issues such as fishing, environment and pollution.

United Kingdom will be able to cut of the European Union regulations once UK leaves the EU. Nevertheless, still to trade with EU in future the companies will need to match the standards of EU on environment, health and etc. It is also have been said that the biggest cost is not due to EU regulation but is because of the UK’s planning regulation which can also have beneficial social effects such as battery safety standards and reduction in excess energy use.

Although there are many reasons for the decline in UK’s productivity and investment and one of them also includes the poor performance which led to the economy downfall. In any country, productivity is a key element for the economy to grow and therefore tax revenues. UK’s economy has not been much better since 2009 due to several reasons which can be determine due to global fall in productivity, low investments in technology, effects of fiscal austerity and low wage growth and mainly due to the uncertainty over Brexit issue.
In the coming years, there will be an impact on the UK’s economy due to Brexit. However, it also depends on the trading deals and policies UK will make in future to fight with such challenges.

The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) proposed five challenges and five opportunities faced by UK after the referendum to leave EU. RIBA is an organisation which has made a policy document which offers solution to the UK government and focuses on how architecture’s contribution can help in the growth of the economy.

FIVE CHALLENGES:

  1. As UK has one of the world class architectural sector, government must emphasize on the open market promotion, at home and abroad. It is easier to get finance for business especially for the small and medium size enterprises.
  2. As architecture is a skill full and innovative profession so the government must ensure to maintain the creative sectors.
  3. UK and EU should maintain and arrange mutual agreements

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