The National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO)

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The National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) operates a sprawling campus with over a hundred laboratories and thousands of employees. It also has a number of smaller branch campuses and city offices around the country.

NARO has just appointed a new Chief Information Officer (CIO), Bill Spence, whose responsibilities include the provision of telecommunications facilities for the organisation. On an induction tour of the organisation Bill notices that there are fax machines in every administrative office he visits and most of the laboratories.

“Does anyone actually use this obsolete technology?” he asked his Executive Officer. “I’ve no idea, but certainly not me.” was the reply.

On further inquiry it became clear that, while NARO probably had a few hundred fax machines, and was paying for telephone accounts for them, there was no central list of fax machines and their phone numbers. There was no clear answer to whether they were being used at all.

Bill asked his Executive Officer to “do some kind of survey” to get an idea of whether any staff still had a legitimate need for fax machines. The survey task was delegated to an ANU Intern in the central administration office, Ashley Lee.

Ashley recommended that a carefully selected representative sample of 200 NARO staff be asked a simple question:

“In the last month, have you sent or received a fax using a NARO fax machine?”

Bill approved the survey and asked that the results be reported as a 95% confidence interval estimate of the proportion of all staff who still used fax machines.

NARO had excellent records of staff job responsibilities, locations and contact details, so it was a straightforward but time-consuming process for Ashley to come up with the representative sample of staff.

The survey question was distributed by email over the CIO’s signature, and quickly received 163 responses. Ashley followed up the remaining 37 staff members by email and telephone. After two weeks she was very pleased to report that the survey had a 100% response rate.

However, every one of the 200 respondents said that they had not sent or received a fax in the previous month!

Question 4a
What is the 95% confidence interval estimate of the proportion of staff who used a fax machine in that period? Show your calculations. Use the Agresti-Coull estimate of the standard error for proportions.

Question 4b
What is the population of interest in this case?

 

Sample Solution

ch as housing and infrastructure. Migrants who come to work from EU also contributes in the economy by filling out labour shortage gaps in areas such as nursing and teaching. So if the UK leave the EU it might lead to the immense shortage of labours as in 2016 there have been some firms who are outlining the labour shortages, especially in areas such as agriculture and construction. If UK leaves, they will gain the advantage of restricting net immigrations but on the other hand it will be difficult for UK nationals to find work abroad. According to the record, there are 2 million British nationals who are currently working in EU. Similarly according to the survey by (RICS) around 176,500 people who are working in UK from different parts of the EU will be jeopardized as well (Guardian, 2018).

Furthermore, the basic and main problem for UK is the decline of the inward investment which UK receives from the EU. Currently the value of Pound has been fallen from 10 to 15 percent showing the negative impact on the economical condition in a longer run for UK. Nevertheless, the particular problem of the decline in Pound is due to the low wage growth which has risen cost push inflation. In future if the current scenario continues it might also trigger an economic downturn for UK.

If UK leaves the EU, even then it has to pay the EU to able itself in taking benefits from the single market. Around £17bn was paid to EU from UK which is approximately 0.6% of the total GDP. IF UK leaves EU, then EU will not grant UK to have benefits of the single market. According to EC the net contribution of UK to EU is $7.1bn and as a percentage of the GDP the membership cost including the money which return to UK is 0.4% (Hannan, 2009).

The waste of resources is due to the inefficient agriculture policies between EU and UK. According to the records the EU, despite years of reform paid a high volume of its budget on agriculture in 2013 which was around 43%. If the UK leaves EU, then it will allow UK to make its own agriculture polies on its own terms and conditions and would not be subject to EU policies in future. Although, UK still have to make some amendments in the policies with other countries on issues such as fishing, environment and pollution.

United Kingdom will be able to cut of the European Union regulations once UK le

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