Select two discussion questions from the chapter below and post your response addressing the two questions in one posting response (be sure to identify the questions you selected in your response).
Chapter 9- After Conviction: The Problem of Prison- Select Two Question Below:
1. Based on what you learned about the different rationales for punishment in Chapters 8 and 9, which of our model countries seem to genuinely believe in rehabilitation? Incapacitation? Retribution?
2. What factors do you believe contribute to high occupancy rates? Why does the United States have a much higher incarceration rate than most other countries?
3. Refer to the web page with the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Offenders at http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/treatmentprisoners.htm and discuss the degree to which they are implemented in our model countries. Which standards do you believe are most difficult to achieve? Why?
4. Explain what strategies for reducing prison crowding you believe to be most effective.
5. In light of some countries’ abuses in the use of incarceration and violations of prisoners’ rights, what can be done to influence a country to change its policies? What might be the limits to the enforcement of such policies?
The problem of Prison
It is a stark fact that the United States has less than 5 percent of the world`s population, yet it has almost 25 percent of the world`s total prison population. The numbers today are much higher than they were 30, 40 years ago despite the fact that crime is at historical lows. A more reliable way to compare incarceration practices between countries is the prison population rate. A 2014 report by the National Research Council identified two main causes of the increase in the United States’ incarceration rate over the previous 40 years: longer prison sentences and increases in the likelihood of imprisonment.
onsumed will be at Q1 and the cost of the expense is at P1. Assuming that left to the market this will prompt an extra weight loss of monetary government assistance (region concealed red). It is hence down to the assessment to assimilate this externality. The duty causes the Marginal Private Cost (MPC) bend to move to left achieving another social ideal harmony at point B. The new result of red meat would tumble to Q2 and the cost would ascend to P2, subsequently eliminating the extra weight misfortune.
The thought behind the duty is that when an expense is added to the great the cost of the utilization and the expense of creation of the great ascents, as find in figure 1, from P1 to P2. This ascent in cost goes about as a motivator from purchasers to consume less red meat so they have more cash to spend on different merchandise. The motivating force for makers is to raise the cost of the really great for the customer to hold their benefits because of the ascent in the expense of creation. The assessment will ideally imply that less individuals consume red meat and along these lines less individuals will experience the ill effects of the related wellbeing dangers of its utilization; eventually implying that the NHS will be under less strain from individuals experiencing diseases because of their red meat admission. It might likewise urge people to substitute red mead for better choices like white meats like chicken and fish.
The public authority can along these lines utilize the duty income gathered from the expense to put towards different things. For instance, it would be helpful to place more cash into the NHS so they are better ready to adapt to the quantity of patients they have and offer a greater support. The public authority could likewise place cash into illuminating the public further about the risks of overconsuming red meat through promoting or making it a mandatory piece of the schooling system.
In spite of the fact that tax assessment has its reasonable advantages, it’s anything but an ideal intercession to address the unmistakable market disappointment that is happening. Initially, the versatility of interest for red meat should be considered. In the event that the interest for red meat is profoundly inelastic, it will deliver the expense futile in light of the fact that the slight expansion in the cost of red meats will affect interest. In a 2011study it was assessed that the uncompensated cost versatilities for hamburger and pork (well known red meats) in 2009 was – 0.594 and – 0.779 individually, meaning they are both cost inelastic (Tiffin et al 2011). In this manner the assessment is probably going to affect utilization since shoppers will in any case purchase red meats like hamburger and pork regardless of the ascent in cost.