The rise of humanism

How did the rise of humanism impact the development of European ideas, art, and
religion?
OR
Do you think the Protestant Reformation was successful? How so or not?
OR
Why did the power structure of Western Civilization shift to absolute monarchy in
17th and 18th century Europe?

Sample Solution

The rise of humanism

Humanism, also known as Renaissance Humanism, was an intellectual movement embraced by scholars, writers, and civic leaders in 14th and early 15th century Italy. The movement developed in response to the medieval scholastic conventions in education at the time, which emphasized practical, pre-professional, and scientific studies engaged in solely for job preparation, and typically by men alone. The movement was largely founded on the ideals of Italian scholar and poet Francesco Petrarca, which were often centered around humanity`s potential for achievement. Renaissance Humanists saw no conflict between their study of the Ancients and Christianity. The lack of perceived conflict allowed Early Renaissance artists to combine classical forms, classical themes, and Christian theology freely. Humanism affected the artistic community and how artists were perceived. While medieval society viewed artists as servants and crafts-people, Renaissance artists were trained intellectuals, and their art reflected this newfound point of view.

Staffing entails filling and ensuring filled, the positions in the organizational structure. This is performed by identification of the work-force requirements, recruiting and inventorying of the people available, selecting, promoting, placing, appraising, compensating, planning the careers and training or developing current jobholders and both candidates to achieve their duties efficiently and effectively (Koontz H and Weihrich H, 1961). Leading is influencing of people to make them contribute to group goals and organization goals and it has to predominantly do with the aspect of interpersonal in management. Many problems in management occur from people, their attitudes and desires, their behavior as groups and individuals. Thus, effective managers ought to be effectual leaders. Leading involves leadership approaches and styles, motivation and communication.

For instance, controlling of the budget expense is measuring and correction of subordinates’ activities to ensure events conform to planning. It measures the performance of goals and plans showing where the unconstructive deviations exist and putting the motion actions into correct deviations to ensure plans accomplishment. Though planning should lead controlling, it is not self-achieving (Stoner J et.al, 2003). Plans direct the managers in the utilization of resources to achieve certain goals and activities are analyzed to ensure they conform to planning. Arranging events to cater for specified plans means appropriate personnel should be responsible for results which differ from the actions organized and carrying out of the necessary schedule to enhance performance. Thus, control of what people contribute to, controls the outcome in the organizations.

Finally, there should be coordination in the quintessence of manager-ship to achieve the harmony in between the individual efforts en route for group goals accomplishment. Though the management functions relate to the internal environment in performance within organizations, managers should work in the exterior environment for organization as well. Its managers cannot carry on their duty efficiently unless there is sound understanding and responsiveness concerning the various elements of external environment that is technological, economical, political, social and ethical factors which affect their operation areas.

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