Homicide is the act of one human killing another. A homicide requires only a volitional act by another person that results in death, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intend to cause harm. Texas penal code section 19.01 states that there are four types of criminal homicide. They are murder, capital murder, manslaughter, and criminally negligent homicide. An example of criminal homicide is that of George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man who was killed by Derek Chauvin, a white police officer, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, while being arrested for allegedly using a counterfeit bill. Securing a murder conviction of a police officer is difficult and rare, but ex prosecutor mike snipes did it. He has analyzed the charges against Minneapolis ex-officer Derek Chauvin and says a conviction is extremely likely for George Floyd’s death.
African-American Folk Songs
GuidesorSubmit my paper for investigation
Note: This is an open area exposition composed by Dorothy A. Johnson in 1922, with alters.
slave cultureMusic as the high craft of which we believe is a nearly late wonders, yet it is likely that music in some structure has existed as long as discourse itself. At the point when mankind first communicated its thoughts in quite a while, it figured out how to communicate its feelings in music. One of the soonest fathomable types of music of the average folks of any nation was the people melody. As the recorded articulation of the feelings of a people, they are priceless, and they are of much more prominent significance, on the grounds that in them, we see a start of the acknowledgment of melodic structure as we have it today.(1) If society music is of such imperative significance in the melodic history of a nation, without a doubt it is important to discover some type of society music as a melodic foundation for our own nation. America as a socialized country is new to the point that her society music is tragically ailing in examination with different nations, however America has people music in the melodies of the African-American. Indeed, even the music of the Native Americans has not had so significant an impact in the melodic history of our nation.
African-Americans are presumably the most talented musically of any individuals; that is today, their music is the closest like the music of the refined countries in structure and tonality. The melodies as we have them today, a significant number of them have been established on the pentatonic scale, in which the fourth and seventh tones are overlooked, and they almost all hold an intriguing character, attributable to their inception. (2) The songs are shockingly sweet and aesthetic.
African-American people melodies are less articulations of bliss and jollity as they are articulations of a slave’s distress in servitude from which they have no expectation of discharge. Consequently, their tunes are generally of a semi-strict character, communicating their desire for discharge on the planet to come. One exceptional component of these “distress tunes” is the way that a note of triumph is constantly present, even in the most hopeless passages.(3) The notable “spirituals” were tunes or psalms the African-Americans made for themselves when they embraced their lord’s religion, and are focused about such natural strict subjects as Samson, the Ark, Daniel, Moses, Judgment Day, and Jesus Christ and his miracles.(4) Satan additionally was a most loved point, being treated in a lot of a similar entertaining design as he was treated in the old supernatural occurrence plays of medieval Europe.(5) There are numerous delightful songs among the old spirituals, including such notable pretense as “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” and “Take Away to Jesus.” The last is fascinating, as it initially had a basic essentialness a long way from strict. It was sung by the slaves on the estates close to the day’s end as a sort of sign to different slaves that a mystery strict gathering was to be held that night, and when the slave sang “I hain’t got long to remain here,” they were thinking not about the brevity of life, yet the brief timeframe before they would leave difficult work to go to a charming strict meeting.(6) notwithstanding the spirituals appropriate, which were sung plunking down, there were what were designated “running spirituals” or “yell tunes.” The yells occurred on Sunday or on acclaim evenings. At the point when the profound was struck up, the African-Americans present shaped a circle and rearranged around the live with a jerky development. Once in a while they sang the melody of the otherworldly and at times they rearranged peacefully. The repetitive crash of their feet could be heard a large portion of a mile distant.(7)
There are numerous different classes of African-American people tunes other than those of a strict sort. These incorporate kids’ jingles, love tunes, work melodies, and moves. It is difficult to talk about them all in detail.
All things considered, what is the purpose of portraying and talking about African-American society music at such length? The “Scholarly Digest” of October 20, 1917 says, to some extent: “Our solitary unique commitments to the area of American craftsmanship have come to us through our African-American population[.] In the spirituals or slave tunes the African-American has given America its lone society melodies, however a mass of respectable music. How did the individuals who began them figure out how to do it? The conclusions are effectively represented; they are for the most part taken from the Bible; however the tunes, where did they originate from, some of them so abnormally sweet, and others so brilliantly solid? Take, for example “Go Down, Moses.” I question if there is a more grounded subject in the entire melodic writing of the world. African-Americans have an important and genuinely necessary blessing that will add to the future American democracy.(8) To demonstrate reality of this announcement, we have just to take a gander at the impact that African-American people music has just had on American music, and on the music of different countries. George W. Chadwick is the most popular of the American writers who have utilized African-American subjects. He utilized such topics in his subsequent ensemble. Be that as it may, it was a bohemian, Antonin Dvorak, who positions the most noteworthy among authors who have utilized African-American music. His “New World” Symphony is put together predominantly with respect to African-American people tunes, and any individual who has heard it must admit that it contains probably the most excellent songs at any point composed. Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, an African of English birth, was the primary African to win prestige in the field of craftsmanship music. He has utilized African subjects in many beguiling compositions.(9) If outside arrangers perceive the high worth of our African-American society tunes, without a doubt we ought to do all in our capacity to save and create what is our own American people music.
References:
Spaulding. Music: An Art and a Language. p. 20.
American History and Encyclopedia of Music v. 8 p. 50.
In the same place. pp. 51-54.
Talley. Negro Folk Rhymes. p. 314.
American History and Encyclopedia of Music. p. 54.
Talley. Negro Folk Rhymes. p. 301.
Krekbiel. Afro-American Folk Songs. p. 33.
Artistic Digest of Oct. 20, 1917. The Negro’s Contribution to American Art. pp. 26, 27.
American History and Encyclopedia of Music. p. 59.
Book reference
American History and Encyclopedia of Music. Volume 8. W. L. Hubbard. 1908.
Krekbiel. Afro-American Folk Songs. G. Schirmer. New York 1914.
Spaulding. Music: An Art and a Language. Arthur P. Schmidt Co. 1920.
Talley, Thomas W. Negro Folk Rhymes The MacMillan Company. New York. 1922.
The Literary Digest. Vol. 55. No. 16. The Negro’s Contribution to American Art. pp 26, 27.
