Types of trade agreements and the human rights clause

Answer the following critical-thinking questions:

Do you think governments should consider human rights when granting preferential trading rights to countries? What are the arguments for and against taking such a position?
Whose interests should be the paramount concern of government trade policy – the interests of producers (businesses and their employees) or those of consumers?
Given the arguments relating to the new trade theory and strategic trade policy, what kind of trade policy should business be pressuring government to adopt?

 

Sample Solution

Types of trade agreements and the human rights clause

A growing number of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have come to play a significant role in governing state compliance with human rights. When they supply hard standards that tie material benefits of integration to compliance with human rights principles, PTAs are more effective than softer human rights agreements in changing repressive behaviors. Governments most definitely should consider human rights if you are going to engage in preferential trading rights (that is, lowering tariffs, etc.). Protecting human rights is an important part of foreign policy for many. It can improve the human rights policies of the ones they are trading with.

He reconstructed the façades of the houses along this street with their balconies, upper floors and roofs, using a meticulous excavation technique. In doing so he demonstrated how it was possible both to understand the dynamics of how the buildings had been buried in the first place, and also what the original structure of the houses had been – thus making it possible to restore them accurately.

Spinazzola was succeeded by one of the most dynamic and controversial archaeologists in the history of the excavation of Pompeii — Amedeo Maiuri.

Maiuri uncovered the city’s walls, and found a large necropolis along its southern walls – while his excavation of the Via di Nocera allowed him also to explore Regio I and Regio II. This, however, was carried out using inaccurate methodology, with inadequate instruments, and the project suffered from chronic underfunding, so the houses were not well restored and were eventually practically abandoned.

Maiuri also uncovered the Casa del Menandro and Villa dei Mister, and he undertook stratigraphical research under the AD 79 level, in his search for the origins of Pompeii.

Alfonso De Franciscis became director of excavations in 1964 – his period in charge was characterised by an emphasis on the restoration of buildings that had already been uncovered. Only the magnificent Casa di Polibio was uncovered in this period.

Following him, Fausto Zevi and Giuseppina Cerulli Irelli had to work hard to resolve the problems caused in Pompeii by the earthquake of 1980. Then in 1984 Baldassare Conticello started an extensive and systematic restoration of buildings in Regio I and II, where excavation work had already been completed.

The excavation of the Complesso dei Casti Amanti was done ex novo (from scratch). The present director, Pietro Giovanni Guzzo (who started his stint in Pompeii in 1994) has had to confront many management and financial problems in order to plan the finishing of excavations and the complete restoration o

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