Merton’s theory
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In Merton’s theory, he discusses 5 modes of adaptation: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. Which mode or modes of adaptation have you used during your life? Do you believe you might have been more likely or less likely to commit a crime if you belonged to another mode of adaptation? If you have been in different modes, do you believe your likelihood of criminal behavior changed when you transitioned from one mode to another?
Sample Solution
In Merton’s theory of anomie, he identifies five modes of adaptation which individuals can use when facing a strain between their desired goals and the means available to achieve them. Of these five modes, I have mostly used conformity during my life. This involves conforming to societal norms in order to meet the goals set by society. This has mostly been in terms of educational attainment and career advancement – striving for the accepted standard of success rather than attempting something unconventional (Merton, 1938).
However I do think that if I had adopted different modes at different points in my life then it is likely that my propensity towards criminal activity may have changed as well. For example; if I had chosen innovation instead – pushing traditional boundaries through non-conformity or rulebreaking – then it is possible that this could have resulted in more antisocial behavior on my part such as clandestine activities, fraud or theft due to the sense of entitlement and disregard for consequences associated with this mode (Merton, 1938).
Alternatively; if instead I had chosen ritualism – adhering strictly to rules within a certain domain despite any lack of reward or satisfaction from doing so – then this could have led me away from criminality as ritualism not only discourages deviation but also acts as a buffer against frustration arising from unmet expectations (Merton, 1938).
Therefore; while I believe firmly that overall individual decisions are driven by personal circumstances and values underlying each mode – different adaptations could potentially lead people onto paths they might not otherwise take therefore influencing their likelihoods towards committing crimes (Merton, 1938).
