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Select a disease process that is of interest to you.
Pathophysiology of the disease state.
Review of the pharmacological agents used for treatment and important information related to advanced practice nurse.

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The disease process of interest that I chose to discuss is diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by the body’s inability to either produce or properly use insulin, a hormone which helps regulate the levels of glucose in the blood (ADA 2020). This can be due to two primary issues: either the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or cells become resistant, preventing them from being able to absorb it as needed (Type 2 diabetes) (ADA 2020). Both conditions result in abnormally high levels of glucose in the bloodstream which if left untreated can lead to serious health complications such as damage to organs and even death.

In terms of pathophysiology, those with Type 1 diabetes lack insulin production due to an autoimmune response which destroys the pancreatic beta cells responsible for releasing it into circulation thereby preventing its secretion altogether (Harrison et al. 2017). Those with Type 2 have normal or near-normal amounts of insulin present but their bodies are unable to respond effectively, meaning that although they may produce sufficient amounts, it has little effect on regulating blood sugar levels (Harrison et al. 2017). Because both scenarios result in inadequate regulation of glucose metabolism, this leads to elevated concentrations within the bloodstream along with other symptoms associated with hyperglycemia such as increased thirst and frequent urination.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The pathophysiology of a disease state is the process of how an illness or injury affects and alters a person’s body. The study of this process allows medical professionals to better understand how diseases develop, progress, and cause symptoms, as well as any potential treatments that may be available. As such, it is essential for medical students to become familiar with the pathophysiology of various disease states.

One particular disease state that I find fascinating is heart failure. Heart failure occurs when the heart fails to pump enough blood to meet the needs of other organs in the body due to damage caused by conditions such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and cardiomyopathy. It can also occur when other organs do not function properly and cannot send enough oxygenated blood back up to the heart for it to pump effectively. In either case, this leads to changes in pressure within certain chambers of the heart which results in fluid buildup throughout various parts of the body—namely in areas such as lungs (pulmonary edema) or extremities (peripheral edema). This accumulation creates further strain on already weakened cardiac muscle leading to even less effective pumping output and further complications.

 

 

 

 

into the reggae music we know today. They did this by slowing down the ska music’s beat that their band was playing. He quickly became a symbol for the African youth, provoking Africans to start identifying with Jamaicans and its Rasta culture. It was easy for Africans from other countries to relate with Jamaicans because they were both oppressed by white people from a political, financial and social perspective.

 

 

Marley’s influence on his native land was seen as a threat to the rivals, leading up to the assassination attempt on Bob Marley in 1976. Magana’s article about bob marley stated, “Marley’s influence was not limited to simply making music for the sake of entertainment”. His dedication with spreading awareness of Rastafari made him a major contributor of the moment, forming his ideas into a global phenomenon. He was most noted for using his music to spread the message of Rastafari. His message about Rastafari focused on the issues of the human condition.

In his song Get up, Stand up, Marley stated, “Most people think Great God will come from the skies, Take away everything And make everybody feel high. But if you know what life is worth, You will look for yours on earth”. The lyrics from the song offers a phenomenal commentary of traditional methods of Western Christianity, which had served as a means of domination and oppression in Jamaica. Since he first started producing reggae music Bob Marley’s main focus was spreading a message, opposing the expectations placed by society. The song was also seen as a wake-up call to those who have missed the prophetic message of reggae music. His words alone illustrate the amount of influence he had on jamaicans, allowing the country to surpass many difficult obstacles it had faced. His songs appealed to those who did not believe in fighting wars or violence. It also appealed to people who were doing drugs that wanted to be spiritually aware through the lyrics found in reggae songs.

By the late 1970’s, the punk movement in Western cultures had also embraced reggaes themes. The punk movement identified with reggae themes of rebellion and disaffection.Western punks wore Ethiopian colors and began to speak the language of Rastafari. Nearly twenty years after Bob Marley finished performing, Westerners created a new reggae genre known as reggae rock.The genre was an infusion between reggae and rock, with the intended purpose of capturing a larger Western audience. Reggae Rock took the uplifting beats from African reggae music while combining it with electric guitars and other rock instruments. The influence reggae rock had on western cultures transformed African reggae music into a more tropical and relaxed style of reggae.

 

 

Western reggae artists did widen their lyrical scope to focus more on international problems, yet the packaging and changes in the sound of reggae best accounts for its uprising appeal to white audiences. Western reggae focused more as a new brand of rock and roll instead of being the domestic music of Jamaica’s oppressed population. Nick Pauly’s article about the Evolution of American reggae further invokes the inherent irony between a musical genre rooted in black oppression, being played b

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