The nature of the contribution Louis Riel made to the history of the Canadian West.

 

In the early nineteenth century, many of the Odaawa and Ojibwa peoples of Michigan went to Manitoulin Island or to the new reserves in southern Lake Huron. Why?
What was life like at a residential school?
Discuss the nature of the contribution Louis Riel made to the history of the Canadian West.
What did Mistahimaskwa (also known as Big Bear) and Pitikwahanapiwiyin (also known as Poundmaker) hope to achieve by challenging the Dominion government?
Evaluate the choices First Nations peoples made during the treaty-making process. Choose a particular treaty as an example and determine whether or not the process was fair.
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Indian Act of 1876?
With reference to a particular land claims case, define the concept of land rights as it has been developed since the treaty-making process. How has this concept changed since the pre contact period?
Will the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples report benefit First Nations peoples?
How did the events at Oka in the summer of 1990 change the lives of Indigenous Peoples across Canada?
Account for the failure of the proposed First Nations Governance Act.

Sample Solution

These are all great questions about Indigenous history and contemporary issues in Canada. Here’s a breakdown to help you get started with your research:

  1. Movement of Odawa and Ojibwa Peoples:
  • Research the Indian Removal Act of 1830in the United States. This policy forced many Native American tribes westward, creating pressure on neighboring tribes in Canada.
  • Explore treaties signed by the Odawa and Ojibwa with the US or Canadian government in the early 1800s. These might have offered land cessions or relocation options.
  1. Life at Residential Schools:
  • The National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (https://nctr.ca/) is a great resource for learning about residential schools in Canada.
  • Look for survivor testimonies to understand the harsh realities of these institutions.
  1. Louis Riel:
  • Research the Red River Rebellion(1869-70) and the North-West Rebellion (1885) led by Louis Riel.
  • Explore how Riel fought for Métis rights and self-government within Canada.
  1. Mistahimaskwa and Poundmaker:
  • Investigate the North-West Rebellion(1885) mentioned above.
  • These Cree chiefs resisted government encroachment on their lands and traditional way of life.
  1. Evaluating First Nations Treaty Choices:
  • Choose a specific treaty, like the Numbered Treatiesin western Canada or the Robinson Huron Treaty in Ontario.
  • Analyze the historical context, considering factors like power imbalances and lack of full understanding of treaty terms.
  1. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Indian Act:
  • Research the Indian Act of 1876and its ongoing impact on First Nations governance and rights.
  • Consider how it defined who is considered “Indian” and established reserve systems.
  1. Land Rights and a Specific Land Claims Case:
  • Choose a specific land claim caselike Delgamuukw vs. British Columbia (1997).
  • Explore the concept of Aboriginal title (land rights existing before European contact) and its recognition in legal decisions.
  1. Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples Report:
  • Investigate the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoplesestablished in 1991.
  • Consider the report’s recommendations for reconciliation and self-government, and their potential impact.
  1. Events at Oka and Indigenous Lives:
  • Research the Oka Crisisof 1990 involving land disputes and Mohawk resistance.
  • Explore how it raised national awareness of Indigenous land rights and self-government issues.
  1. Failure of the First Nations Governance Act:
  • Investigate the proposed First Nations Governance Act(1998) and the reasons for its rejection.
  • Consider concerns raised by First Nations about limitations on self-government.

Remember:

  • Use credible sources like academic journals, government websites, and reputable Indigenous organizations’ websites.
  • Consult primary sources like historical documents and treaties when possible.

These are just starting points. Feel free to ask if you have any further questions or need help finding specific resources!

 

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