Choose a Cultural Group:

• Select a cultural group you’re interested in or likely to encounter in your healthcare practice.

Giger and Davidhizar’s Transcultural Assessment Model:

This model uses six domains to assess cultural influences on healthcare:

1. Communication:
   • Cultural Group: How does this group prefer to communicate (verbal, nonverbal)? Are there preferred communication styles (direct, indirect)? Are there language barriers or cultural meanings attached to specific words?
   • Impact on Decision-Making: Communication style might influence how the patient expresses concerns, asks questions, and participates in decision-making.
   • Strategies: Utilize appropriate communication methods (verbal, written, translators), be mindful of nonverbal cues, and avoid medical jargon.
2. Space:
   • Cultural Group: How does this group view personal space? What is considered an appropriate distance during interactions? Are there preferences for same-sex or opposite-sex caregivers?
   • Impact on Treatment: Consider space preferences during physical examinations or procedures. Respect cultural preferences for same-sex providers if possible.
   • Strategies: Be mindful of physical space during interactions, offer privacy for discussions or examinations, and inquire about preferences for same-sex providers.
3. Social Organization:
   • Cultural Group: What is the family structure and decision-making process? Who are the key decision-makers in healthcare? Is there a strong emphasis on family involvement?
   • Impact on Treatment: Involve family members as appropriate based on cultural norms.
   • Strategies: Identify key decision-makers, inquire about family preferences for involvement, and provide clear information to both the patient and family.
4. Time:
   • Cultural Group: Does this group have a linear or cyclical view of time? Is there a sense of urgency regarding treatment, or is a more holistic approach preferred?
   • Impact on Treatment: Be patient and allow time for discussion and decision-making.
   • Strategies: Explain procedures clearly, answer questions thoroughly, and respect the patient’s pace for decision-making.
5. Environmental Control:
   • Cultural Group: Does this group believe in controlling their environment (e.g., seeking specific treatments) or do they have a more fatalistic view? Are there specific dietary restrictions or preferences for traditional healing practices?
   • Impact on Treatment: Explore the patient’s beliefs about controlling their health and incorporate complementary or alternative medicine (CAM) practices if appropriate.
   • Strategies: Inquire about dietary restrictions, CAM practices, and the patient’s level of control they desire in healthcare decisions.
6. Biological Variations:
   • Cultural Group: Are there any specific genetic predispositions or health concerns prevalent in this group?
   • Impact on Treatment: Be aware of potential genetic predispositions and tailor treatment plans accordingly.
   • Strategies: Consider genetic factors when selecting medications or treatments.

Education and Interventions:

• Tailor educational materials and interventions to the patient’s cultural context, language, and literacy level.
• Utilize culturally appropriate images and examples in educational materials.
• Involve trusted community members or cultural liaisons when necessary.

Conclusion:

By using Giger and Davidhizar’s Transcultural Assessment Model, healthcare professionals can develop a deeper understanding of how cultural beliefs and practices might impact patient interactions, treatment adherence, and overall healthcare experiences. This knowledge allows for culturally competent care that respects patient values and preferences, ultimately leading to better health outcomes.