Five Important Eras of Human Communication
- Oral Era: This era, characterized by spoken language, was dominated by face-to-face communication and storytelling.
- Written Era: The invention of writing systems marked the beginning of this era, enabling the transmission of information over time and distance.
- Print Era: The printing press revolutionized communication by making written materials more accessible and affordable.
- Electronic Era: The development of electronic communication technologies, such as the telegraph, telephone, and radio, transformed how people interacted and exchanged information.
- Digital Era: The rise of digital technologies, including the internet and social media, has fundamentally changed the landscape of communication.
Technological Determination vs. Social Determination
Lule’s discussion of technological determination and social determination explores the relationship between technology and society. Technological determination suggests that technology is the primary driver of social change, while social determination argues that technology is shaped by social, cultural, and economic factors.
I believe that the relationship between technology and society is more complex than either of these perspectives suggests. While technology can certainly influence social change, it is also shaped by social factors. For example, the development of the internet was driven by technological advancements, but its widespread adoption and use was influenced by social, cultural, and economic factors.
This perspective aligns with Marshall McLuhan’s famous quote, “We shape the tools and then our tools shape us.” Technology is a tool that we create and use, but it also has the potential to shape our thoughts, behaviors, and relationships. The way we use technology is influenced by our cultural values, social norms, and individual preferences.
In conclusion, the five eras of human communication demonstrate the profound impact that technology has had on society. While technology can be a powerful force for change, it is important to recognize that it is shaped by and shapes social factors. The relationship between technology and society is a complex and dynamic one that requires a nuanced understanding.
